Management and bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils in Antarctica

Until a few years ago, the Antarctic continent was considered a pristine place. However, human activity there changed that condition, being hydrocarbon pollution a concerning and attention-drawing issue. Soils around scientific stations show different levels of pollution caused by oil-derived fuels, such as gasoil. Bioremediation is a tested, effective technique to remove contaminating hydrocarbon from the soil. Biostimulated biopiles is the most effective, tested strategy for Antarctic soils that makes use of the microorganisms’ catabolic potential; ecopiles, in turn, seem to be a better alternative that brings more complex biological systems into the process, such as vascular plants, in order to obtain higher removal levels. Finally, a reflection is made that appropriate, specific logistics are needed to reduce execution times of these innovative bioremediation treatments.Fil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Alvarez, Lucas Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Massot, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: MacCormack, Walter P.. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentin

Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC) en la enseñanza universitaria de Biotecnología. El caso de la velocidad específica de crecimiento microbiano (μ).

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las ideas relacionadas al concepto de velocidad específica de crecimiento microbiano (μ) que presentaron estudiantes universitarios que cursaban la orientación en biotecnología del último año de la carrera de Bioquímica (Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina). El estudio se realizó en base a las respuestas que dieron los estudiantes, de manera anónima,  frente a la solicitud espontanea de que explicaran qué entendían por μ. El análisis se focalizó en la identificación de los factores que podrían relacionarse con las ideas que mostraron los estudiantes, entre las que se incluye el tratamiento previo del concepto, la tendencia a la reducción funcional, el pragmatismo y la posibilidad de que se trate de concepciones alternativas pero en un campo muy específico y aplicado de las ciencias como es la biotecnología. Se plantean estrategias aplicadas para la reconstrucción del concepto de μ considerando estos factores. Las experiencias y conclusiones que surgen de este trabajo pretenden contribuir al desarrollo del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC) para ciencias aplicadas en general, y para la biotecnología en particular.Palabras clave: conceptos específicos; biotecnología; velocidad específica de crecimiento; conocimiento didáctico del contenido.Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK) in university Biotechnology teaching. The microbial specific growth rate (μ) caseIn this work, a study based on the university student’s conception about microbial specific growth rate (μ) is presented. The study was focused on last year students of the Biochemist career (Buenos Aires University, Argentina). It was developed considering the answers given anonymously by the students when they were spontaneously asked about the meaning of μ. The analysis was focused in the identification of factors which could be related with the students´ ideas about μ, such as the previous work with the subject, the tendency to the functional reduction, the pragmatisms and the possibility of alternative conceptions, but related with a specific field of applied sciences, such as biotechnology. Strategies aiming to the reconstruction of the μ concept were proposed considering these factors. The experiences presented in this work will contribute to the development of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in applied sciences, particularly in biotechnology.Keywords: specific concepts; biotechnology; specific growth rate; pedagogical knowledge content

Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK) in university Biotechnology teaching. The microbial specific growth rate (μ) case

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las ideas relacionadas al concepto de velocidad específica de crecimiento microbiano (μ) que presentaron estudiantes universitarios que cursaban la orientación en biotecnología del último año de la carrera de Bioquímica (Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina). El estudio se realizó en base a las respuestas que dieron los estudiantes, de manera anónima, frente a la solicitud espontanea de que explicaran qué entendían por μ. El análisis se focalizó en la identificación de los factores que podrían relacionarse con las ideas que mostraron los estudiantes, entre las que se incluye el tratamiento previo del concepto, la tendencia a la reducción funcional, el pragmatismo y la posibilidad de que se trate de concepciones alternativas pero en un campo muy específico y aplicado de las ciencias como es la biotecnología. Se plantean estrategias aplicadas para la reconstrucción del concepto de μ considerando estos factores. Las experiencias y conclusiones que surgen de este trabajo pretenden contribuir al desarrollo del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC) para ciencias aplicadas en general, y para la biotecnología en particular.In this work, a study based on the university student’s conception about microbial specific growth rate (μ) is presented. The study was focused on last year students of the Biochemist career (Buenos Aires University, Argentina). It was developed considering the answers given anonymously by the students when they were spontaneously asked about the meaning of μ. The analysis was focused in the identification of factors which could be related with the students´ ideas about μ, such as the previous work with the subject, the tendency to the functional reduction, the pragmatisms and the possibility of alternative conceptions, but related with a specific field of applied sciences, such as biotechnology. Strategies aiming to the reconstruction of the μ concept were proposed considering these factors. The experiences presented in this work will contribute to the development of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in applied sciences, particularly in biotechnology

Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from Carlini Station, Antarctica: effectiveness of different nutrient sources as biostimulation agents

Logistics and scientific activities carried out in Antarctic stations entail the risk of contamination by fuels. Among remediation strategies, biostimulation significantly improves the efficiency of hydrocarbons (HCs) removal. A 1-year-long field trial was performed in mesocosms filled with soil chronically contaminated with HCs. Three nutrient sources were evaluated as biostimulation agents: inorganic salts (with and without aeration by mixing), a slow-release granular fertilizer (Nitrofoska®) and a commercial bioremediation product (OSEII®). Their performance was assessed considering the number of culturable bacteria, the changes induced in the structure of bacterial communities, the HCs removal efficiencies and the estimation of the abiotic and biodegradative losses of HCs. The soil indigenous microbiota reduced the concentration of hydrocarbons by up to 50% in 50 days and 87% in 365 days depending on the biostimulation agent used. OSEII® (a mixture of surfactants, nutrients, and enzymes) performed better in the medium term, promoting bacterial growth and rapidly inducing changes in the structure of bacterial community, and Nitrofoska® proved to be more efficient for long-term processes, less affecting the size and structure of the microbiota. A mixed strategy combining the fastest action of commercial products acting during summer with slow-release fertilizers acting throughout the year is proposed as a long-term bioremediation treatment for Antarctic areas where the temperature rises above the freezing point and the ground is free of snow shortly during summer. This study highlights the importance of conducting research to develop remediation processes compatible with the Antarctic Treaty, exploiting the metabolic potential of the indigenous microbiota.Fil: Villalba Primitz, Julia Elena Rosina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Susana Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Lo Balbo, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Mac Cormack, Walter Patricio. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; Argentin

Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK) in university Biotechnology teaching. The microbial specific growth rate (μ) case

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las ideas relacionadas al concepto de velocidad específica de crecimiento microbiano (μ) que presentaron estudiantes universitarios que cursaban la orientación en biotecnología del último año de la carrera de Bioquímica (Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina). El estudio se realizó en base a las respuestas que dieron los estudiantes, de manera anónima,  frente a la solicitud espontanea de que explicaran qué entendían por μ. El análisis se focalizó en la identificación de los factores que podrían relacionarse con las ideas que mostraron los estudiantes, entre las que se el tratamiento previo del concepto, la tendencia a la reducción funcional, el pragmatismo y la posibilidad de que se trate de concepciones alternativas pero en un campo muy específico y aplicado de las ciencias como es la biotecnología. Se plantean estrategias aplicadas para la reconstrucción del concepto de μ considerando estos factores. Las experiencias y conclusiones que surgen de este trabajo pretenden contribuir al desarrollo del conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) en ciencias aplicadas en general, y para la biotecnología en particular.In this work, a study based on the university student’s conception about microbial specific growth rate (μ) is presented. The study was focused on last year students of the Biochemist career (Buenos Aires University, Argentina). It was developed considering the answers given anonymously by the students when they were spontaneously asked about the meaning of μ. The analysis was focused in the identification of factors which could be related with the students´ ideas about μ, such as the previous work with the subject, the tendency to the functional reduction, the pragmatisms and the possibility of alternative conceptions, but related with a specific field of applied sciences, such as biotechnology. Strategies aiming to the reconstruction of the μ concept were proposed considering these factors. The experiences presented in this work will contribute to the development of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in applied sciences, particularly in biotechnology.Fil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Mac Cormack, Walter P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Calabró López, Roberto Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Talou, Julian. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Studies toward the comprehension of fungal-macroalgae interaction in cold marine regions from a biotechnological perspective

In marine ecosystems, macroalgae are the habitat for several microorganisms, fungi being among them. In the Antarctic benthic coastal ecosystem, macroalgae play a key role in organic matter cycling. In this study, 13 different macroalgae from Potter Cove and surrounding areas were sampled and 48 fungal isolates were obtained from six species, four Rhodophyta Ballia callitricha, Gigartina skottsbergii, Neuroglossum delesseriae and Palmaria decipiens, and two Phaeophyceae: Adenocystis utricularis and Ascoseira mirabilis. Fungal isolates mostly belonged to the Ascomycota phylum (Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Phialocephala, and Pseudogymnoascus) and only one to the phylum Mucoromycota. Two of the isolates could not be identified to genus level, implying that Antarctica is a source of probable novel fungal taxa with enormous bioprospecting and biotechnological potential. 73% of the fungal isolates were moderate eurypsychrophilic (they grew at 5–25 °C), 12.5% were eurypsychrophilic and grew in the whole range, 12.5% of the isolates were narrow eurypsychrophilic (growth at 15–25 °C), and Mucoromycota AUe4 was classified as stenopsychrophilic as it grew at 5–15 °C. Organic extracts of seven macroalgae from which no fungal growth was obtained (three red algae Georgiella confluens, Gymnogongrus turquetii, Plocamium cartlagineum, and four brown algae Desmarestia anceps, D. Antarctica, Desmarestia menziesii, Himantothallus grandifolius) were tested against representative fungi of the genera isolated in this work. All extracts presented fungal inhibition, those from Plocamium cartilagineum and G. turquetii showed the best results, and for most of these macroalgae, this represents the first report of antifungal activity and constitute a promising source of compounds for future evaluation.Fil: Martorell, M.M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Lannert, Micaela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Matula, Carolina Veronica. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Quartino, Maria Liliana. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: de Figueroa, L.I.C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Mac Cormack, Walter Patricio. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; Argentin

Detection of presumed genes encoding beta-lactamases by sequence based screening of metagenomes derived from Antarctic microbial mats

Analysis of environmental samples for bacterial antibiotic resistance genes may have different objectives and analysis strategies. In some cases, the purpose was to study diversity and evolution of genes that could be grouped within a mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Different protocols have been designed for detection and confirmation that a functional gene was found. In this study, we present a sequence-based screening of candidate genes encoding beta-lactamases in 14 metagenomes of Antarctic microbial mats. The samples were obtained from different sites, representing diverse biogeographic regions of maritime and continental Antarctica. A protocol was designed based on generation of Hidden Markov Models from the four beta-lactamase classes by Ambler classification,using sequences from the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). The models were used as queries for metagenome analysis and recovered contigs were subsequently annotated using RAST. According to our analysis, 14 metagenomes analyzed contain A, B and C beta-lactamase genes.Class D genes, however, were identified in 11 metagenomes. The most abundant was class C (46.8%), followed by classes B (35.5%), A (14.2%) and D (3.5%). A considerable number of sequences formed clusters which included, in some cases, contigs from different metagenomes. These assemblies are clearly separated from reference clusters, previously identified using CARD beta-lactamase sequences.While bacterial antibiotic resistance is a major challenge of public health worldwide, our results suggest that environmental diversity of beta-lactamase genes is higher than that currently reported, although this should be complemented with gene function analysis.Fil: Azziz, Gastón. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gimentz, Matìas. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Romero, Hèctor. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Valdespino Castillo, P.. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Falcòn, Luisa I.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Mac Cormack, Walter Patricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Batista, Silvia. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Characterization of a sodium dodecyl sulphate-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY15 from Antarctic soil

A bacterium capable of biodegrading surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was isolated from Antarctic soil. The isolate was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY15 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Growth characteristic studies showed that the bacterium grew optimally at 10 degrees C, 7.25 pH, 1 g l(-1) SDS as a sole carbon source and 2 g l(-1) ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source. Growth was completely inhibited at 5 g l(-1) SDS. At a tolerable initial concentration of 2 g l(-1), approximately 90% of SDS was degraded after an incubation period of eight days. The best growth kinetic model to fit experimental data was the Haldane model of substrate inhibition with a correlation coefficient value of 0.97. The maximum growth rate was 0.372 hr(-1) while the saturation constant or half velocity constant (Ks) and inhibition constant (Ki), were 0.094% and 11.212 % SDS, respectively. Other detergent tested as carbon sources at 1 g l(-1) was Tergitol NP9, Tergitol 15S9, Witconol 2301 (methyl oleate), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), benzethonium chloride, and benzalkonium chloride showed Tergitol NP9, Tergitol 15S9, Witconol 2301 and the anionic SDBS supported growth with the highest growth exhibited by SDBS.Fil: Halmi, M. I. E.. University of Putra; MalasiaFil: Hussin, W. S. W.. University of Putra; MalasiaFil: Aqlima, A.. University of Putra; MalasiaFil: Syed, M. A.. University of Putra; MalasiaFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: MacCormack, Walter P.. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Yukor, M. Y.. University of Putra; Malasi

Metagenomic strategies identify diverse integron-integrase and antibiotic resistance genes in the Antarctic environment

The objective of this study is to identify and analyze integrons and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in samples collected from diverse sites in terrestrial Antarctica. Integrons were studied using two independent methods. One involved the construction and analysis of intI gene amplicon libraries. In addition, we sequenced 17 metagenomes of microbial mats and soil by high-throughput sequencing and analyzed these data using the IntegronFinder program. As expected, the metagenomic analysis allowed for the identification of novel predicted intI integrases and gene cassettes (GCs), which mostly encode unknown functions. However, some intI genes are similar to sequences previously identified by amplicon library analysis in soil samples collected from non-Antarctic sites. ARGs were analyzed in the metagenomes using ABRIcate with CARD database and verified if these genes could be classified as GCs by IntegronFinder. We identified 53 ARGs in 15 metagenomes, but only four were classified as GCs, one in MTG12 metagenome (Continental Antarctica), encoding an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AAC(6´)acetyltransferase) and the other three in CS1 metagenome (Maritime Antarctica). One of these genes encodes a class D β-lactamase (blaOXA-205) and the other two are located in the same contig. One is part of a gene encoding the first 76 amino acids of aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (aadA6), and the other is a qacG2 gene.Fil: Antelo, Verónica. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Giménez, Matías. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Azziz, Gastón. Universidad de la Republica. Facultad de Agricultura; UruguayFil: Valdespino Castillo, Patricia. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Falcón, Luisa I.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: MacCormack, Walter P.. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Mazel, Didier. Institut Pasteur de Paris.; FranciaFil: Batista, Silvia. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; Urugua

Bioremediation of an aged diesel oil-contaminated Antarctic soil: Evaluation of the “on site” biostimulation strategy using different nutrient sources

Under Antarctic conditions, bioremediation processes are highly limited. Although chronically contaminated soils seem to require no bioaugmentation, biostimulation proved to be beneficial although diverse results have been reported in relation to the type of nutrient source and the best experimental design. In this work we evaluated, in ?on site? land plots, the effect that on the hydrocarbon removal and bacterial community structure of a fuel contaminated soil have an inorganic salts mixture, a complex organic matrix (fish meal) and a commercial product listed by the EPA. Also the effect of a surface active compound (Brij700) on biodegradation process was studied. Brij700 did not improve biodegradation in any of the studied conditions but induced relevant changes on bacterial community of soil amended with fish meal. Although fish meal significantly enhanced bacterial counts, this effect was unspecific, drastically changed the bacterial community structure and did not improve hydrocarbon removal. Salts amended systems evidenced a non significant decrease in contaminant concentration. Commercial product caused the higher reduction (49.4%, p<0.05) of hydrocarbons compared with the control system after 45 d of treatment and cause the minor changes in bacterial community, constituting a promising alternative for some hydrocarbon-contaminated Antarctic soil restoration.Fil: Dias, Romina Laura. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica. Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Ruberto, Lucas Adolfo Mauro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Edgardo. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Susana Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Lo Balbo, Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: del Panno, Maria Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Mac Cormack, Walter Patricio. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin