FullSWOF: A free software package for the simulation of shallow water flows

Numerical simulations of flows are required for numerous applications, and are usually carried out using shallow water equations. We describe the FullSWOF software which is based on up-to-date finite volume methods and well-balanced schemes to solve this kind of equations. It consists of a set of open source C++ codes, freely available to the community, easy to use, and open for further development. Several features make FullSWOF particularly suitable for applications in hydrology: small water heights and wet-dry transitions are robustly handled, rainfall and infiltration are incorporated, and data from grid-based digital topographies can be used directly. A detailed mathematical description is given here, and the capabilities of FullSWOF are illustrated based on analytic solutions and datasets of real cases. The codes, available in 1D and 2D versions, have been validated on a large set of benchmark cases, which are available together with the download information and documentation at http://www.univ-orleans.fr/mapmo/soft/FullSWOF/.Comment: 38 page

Aircraft Interior Design And Satisfaction For Different Activities; A New Approach Toward Understanding Passenger Experience

Among airlines and aircraft manufacturers there is much attention for passenger experience. However, there is not much literature on how the activities of passengers can be supported by the aircraft interior. The current study focuses on the need finding and requirements analysis of flight passengers. Twenty-three activities were defined based on retrospective interviews and brainstorming sessions. Respondents were asked to rate their overall perception related to the importance of each of those 23 activities on a Linkert scale, from “not at all important” to “extremely important”. On a separate question they were also asked to rate their overall satisfaction by each of the same activities, ranging from “not at all satisfactory” to “extremely satisfactory”. These scales were assessed for those who travel alone, together or within groups, and those who travel with kids under six years. Five of the most common cabin configurations for long haul flights were also presented to respondents, and based on their choices, seat choice behavior of each passenger type in each row was analyzed. The results show that resting and relaxing, using the restroom and sleeping were the most important activities to all passengers, while talking to neighbors and other group mates, as well as playing or working with cellphones were the least important activities. In addition, passengers’ satisfaction while watching in-flight movies, thinking and observing as well as checking real-time flight status were the most satisfactory among other activities. Sleeping and in-/egress of the seat were the least satisfactory activities. Also, activities such as “taking care of family” are the least satisfactory in the context of long haul flight for group travelers. Group travelers’ satisfaction rate by “Interacting with flight attendants” was also not the same as that of other travelers. Seat preferences in each configuration is very similar. individual and couple travelers are similar in preferring window and window-aisle seats, while for group travelers seating together is the first priority over seating next to a window

Do Pure Water-Radiolysis Experiments Truly Unlock the Secrets of the FLASH Effect? A Numerical Revelation

Background and AimsReduced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) offers a potential explanation for the FLASH effect observed at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR). Recent studies consistently demonstrate decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in pure water under UHDR conditions. Additionally, the nature of irradiating particles significantly influences this phenomenon. This research aims to investigate ROS formation and decay kinetics in both FLASH and conventional conditions, spanning various Linear Energy Transfer levels and particle types. MethodsIn this work, chemical concentrations are assessed by solving systems of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). These ODEs are constructed based on (i) chemical reaction definitions and (ii) the production of radicals resulting from irradiation, as determined by radiolytic yields. Despite the simplification of modeling cells as homogeneous systems, this approach facilitates simulation of the temporal evolution of various ROS concentrations over an extended duration, spanning several minutes. Furthermore, this methodology enables insightful sensitivity analysis by selectively activating or deactivating components of the reaction schemes or adjusting the reaction rates of specific reactions, thereby highlighting their respective roles.ResultsThis study elucidates the chemical mechanisms governing H2O2 generation and consumption. A comparative analysis of irradiation effects on pure water and cellular biochemistry is conducted. The results for pure water closely align with experimental literature, showing reduced H2O2 levels with increasing dose rates. In contrast, when turning on more complex cellular biochemistry, the dose rate dependence diminishes significantly due to cells' capacity to scavenge ROS. ConclusionsA distinct correlation emerges between UHDR and decreased H2O2 levels in pure water, aligning with established experimental data. Nevertheless, the association wanes notably when enabling cellular systems, primarily due to the potent ROS scavenging abilities inherent to cells. The translational applicability of water radiolysis findings to biological contexts remains an open inquiry, carrying profound implications for our comprehension of the FLASH effect in radiotherapy.<br/

Do Pure Water-Radiolysis Experiments Truly Unlock the Secrets of the FLASH Effect? A Numerical Revelation

Background and AimsReduced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) offers a potential explanation for the FLASH effect observed at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR). Recent studies consistently demonstrate decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in pure water under UHDR conditions. Additionally, the nature of irradiating particles significantly influences this phenomenon. This research aims to investigate ROS formation and decay kinetics in both FLASH and conventional conditions, spanning various Linear Energy Transfer levels and particle types. MethodsIn this work, chemical concentrations are assessed by solving systems of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). These ODEs are constructed based on (i) chemical reaction definitions and (ii) the production of radicals resulting from irradiation, as determined by radiolytic yields. Despite the simplification of modeling cells as homogeneous systems, this approach facilitates simulation of the temporal evolution of various ROS concentrations over an extended duration, spanning several minutes. Furthermore, this methodology enables insightful sensitivity analysis by selectively activating or deactivating components of the reaction schemes or adjusting the reaction rates of specific reactions, thereby highlighting their respective roles.ResultsThis study elucidates the chemical mechanisms governing H2O2 generation and consumption. A comparative analysis of irradiation effects on pure water and cellular biochemistry is conducted. The results for pure water closely align with experimental literature, showing reduced H2O2 levels with increasing dose rates. In contrast, when turning on more complex cellular biochemistry, the dose rate dependence diminishes significantly due to cells' capacity to scavenge ROS. ConclusionsA distinct correlation emerges between UHDR and decreased H2O2 levels in pure water, aligning with established experimental data. Nevertheless, the association wanes notably when enabling cellular systems, primarily due to the potent ROS scavenging abilities inherent to cells. The translational applicability of water radiolysis findings to biological contexts remains an open inquiry, carrying profound implications for our comprehension of the FLASH effect in radiotherapy.<br/

On the influence of the thickness of the sediment moving layer in the definition of the bedload transport formula in Exner systems

In this paper we study Exner system and introduce a modified general definition for bedload transport flux. The new formulation has the advantage of taking into account the thickness of the sediment layer which avoids mass conservation problems in certain situations. Moreover, it reduces to a classical solid transport discharge formula in the case of quasi-uniform regime. We also present several numerical tests where we compare the proposed sediment transport formula with the classical formulation and we show the behavior of the new model in different configurations

Métodos ágeis para gerenciamento de projetos : uma observação da utilização da metodologia Scrum para gerenciamento de projetos na Seguros S/A

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Habilitação em Comunicação Organizacional, 2018.Cresce a cada dia o número de empresas que procuram melhores resultados através do aprimoramento dos seus processos e de sua estrutura organizacional. O atual cenário do mercado exige que as empresas busquem, cada vez mais, se diferenciar em relação aos concorrentes através da busca pela inovação e qualidade nas produções dos projetos internos. Organizações ao redor do mundo estão discutindo a respeito de metodologias mais eficazes para gerenciar seus projetos, seja através de metodologias ágeis ou de metodologias consideradas tradicionais. Este trabalho busca observar e analisar a percepção de valor do uso das práticas da metodologia ágil Scrum como instrumento de gestão de projetos na “Seguros S/A”, empresa do ramo de seguros. O presente trabalho irá observar o desenvolvimento de um projeto utilizando a metodologia Scrum, documentando as atividades e as etapas de execução, e será realizada uma pesquisa com os participantes e o cliente final do projeto para avaliar se a utilização da metodologia ágil foi considerada positiva em relação ao proposto na sua metodologia; Prazo, qualidade e escopo

Metal dyshomeostasis in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis

Abnormal metal distribution in vulnerable brain regions is involved in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting common molecular mechanisms of metal dyshomeostasis. This study aimed to compare the intra- and extra-neuronal metal content and the expression of proteins related to metal homeostasis in the substantia nigra (SN) from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and control subjects. Metal quantification was performed via ion-beam micro-analysis in neuromelanin-positive neurons and the surrounding tissue. For proteomic analysis, SN tissue lysates were analyzed on a nanoflow chromatography system hyphenated to a hybrid triple-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. We found increased amounts of iron in neuromelanin-positive neurons and surrounding tissue in patients with PD and MS compared to controls (4- to 5-fold higher) that, however, also showed large inter-individual variations. Copper content was systematically lower (-2.4-fold) in neuromelanin-positive neurons of PD patients compared with controls, whereas it remained unchanged in MS. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed clusters related to Fe and Cu homeostasis among PD-deregulated proteins. An enrichment for the term metal homeostasis was observed for MS-deregulated proteins. Important deregulated hub proteins included hemopexin and transferrin in PD, and calreticulin and ferredoxin reductase in MS. Our findings show that PD and MS share commonalities in terms of iron accumulation in the SN. Concomitant proteomics experiments revealed PPI networks related to metal homeostasis, substantiating the results of metal quantification