A Comparison of Correction Formats: The Effectiveness and Effects of Rating Scale versus Contextual Corrections on Misinformation

What style of journalistic factchecking is most convincing to readers? This study uses an online survey experiment to compare two prevailing approaches to correcting both consumer and political misinformation: factchecks that rely only on written analysis to assess claims, and those that also deploy a graphical meter or "truth scale." Testing a series of simulated factchecks from a fictitious factchecking organization, GetTheFacts.org, we find first of all that both approaches were effective on the whole, with respondents who saw either format significantly more likely than a control group to correctly evaluate a claim that had been previously debunked. Does using a truth meter make a difference? In the case of a misleading advertising claim unrelated to politics, adding a meter to the written analysis appeared to make the correction more convincing. However, both formats proved equally effective in challenging political misinformation. Both formats also yielded their largest improvements among readers who selfidentified from the same party as the politician being checked. Although respondents scored best in identifying misinformation from a politician of the opposing party, seeing a correction made no significant difference in that case. Among other results, we also find that when given the choice, just over half of respondents preferred to see corrections that included a truth scale

Correcting political and consumer misperceptions

While fact-checking has grown dramatically in the last decade, little is known about the relative effectiveness of different formats in correcting false beliefs or overcoming partisan resistance to new information. This article addresses that gap by using theories from communication and psychology to compare two prevailing approaches: An online experiment examined how the use of visual “truth scales” interacts with partisanship to shape the effectiveness of corrections. We find that truth scales make fact-checks more effective in some conditions. Contrary to theoretical predictions and the fears of some journalists, their use does not increase partisan backlash against the correction or the organization that produced it

“Pass the Remote…! Interactive Classroom Review for the 21st Century: Bringing Remote Response Pads into Your Classroom

This project describes a form of computer-assisted interactive classroom instruction, which is particularly useful in the ESL context. Not only does this project show how to integrate instruction with ever advancing technology, it also demonstrates how to integrate interactive class work with the diverse and relevant learning styles of each learner in the classroom. This project will show how easy it is to use this technology in conjunction with thematic units or projects-whatever the level of the ESL student. Enclosed are examples of instructional materials, created for the ESL High Beginner and examples of how they relate to the paper and pen tests given in class. Also included are examples of the quarter-schedules events to show how I integrated this mode of instruction into my planning. A PowerPoint presentation given at a Sandanona Conference, School for International Training. at Brattleboro, Vermont, summer 1999, concludes this project

Disability Service Learning: A Study on the Potential Impact of an Educational Intervention on the Attitudes and Biases of Genetic Counseling Students Toward Disability

Disability and how it is perceived and discussed has deep relevance to the practice of genetic counseling. Disability communities have expressed concerns with genetic counseling and the dissemination of misinformation surrounding disability, leading to discrimination and intolerance of diversity (Parens & Asch, 2003). In 2015, the Joan H. Marks Graduate Program in Human Genetics (JHMGPHG) at Sarah Lawrence College implemented coursework and internships for students in order to address these concerns under the educational intervention titled Disability Service Learning (DSL). This study aims to determine what impact this educational intervention has on the Sarah Lawrence genetic counseling students’ attitudes and comfort level towards individuals with disabilities. Biases toward and comfort with individuals with disabilities can be assessed through the Attitudes to Disability Scale (ADS) (Power et al., 2010) and Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDPS) (Gething & Wheeler, 1992). These scales, along with a short questionnaire designed to determine the students’ level of knowledge and comfort with individuals with disabilities, were administered on the first and last day of the course to SLC students as well as in September and December of 2018 to students in other genetic counseling training programs. Analysis of students’ surveys showed that students who received the educational intervention experienced a significantly higher increase in comfort level with disabilities, and students who began DSL with little knowledge and comfort with disability showed the most increase in comfort level. Attitudes toward disability did not show a significant change as a result of DSL, warranting further study and honing of the educational intervention

Complexes of 3d Metals with a Bulky Carbazolyl Ligand

In this contribution, the synthesis and properties of nine novel 3d metal complexes are reported. As supporting ligand scaffold, the bulky 1,8-bis(3,5-ditertbutylphenyl)-3,6-ditertbutylcarbazole (R) was employed. After deprotonation and salt metathesis reactions, a series of four complexes, the dimeric [RMn(THF)(μ-Cl)]$_{2}$ (1 a), [RFe(THF)(μ-Cl)]$_{2}$ (2 a), and [RCo(THF)(μ-Cl)]$_{2}$ (3 a) as well as a monomeric [RCr(THF)$_{2}$(Cl)] (4 a), were obtained, while the analogous Ni(II) complex remained elusive. However, incorporation of PMe$_{3}$ as stronger donor molecule in comparison sufficed to stabilise also the Ni(II) complex [RNi(PMe$_{3}$)$_{2}$(Cl)] (5 b). The series was completed by treatment of 1 a–4 a with PMe$_{3}$, which afforded the related phosphine complexes 1 b–4 b. All complexes were characterised in the solid state by single crystal structure elucidation and their magnetic moments in solution were determined by NMR experiments with the Evans method