On the Real-Time Hardware Implementation Feasibility of Joint Radio Resource Management Policies for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

The study and design of Joint Radio Resource Management (JRRM) techniques is a key and challenging aspect in future heterogeneous wireless systems where different Radio Access Technologies will physically coexist. In these systems, the total available radio resources need to be used in a coordinated way to guarantee adequate satisfaction levels to all users, and maximize the system revenues. In addition to carry out an efficient use of the available radio resources, JRRM algorithms need to exhibit good computational performance to guarantee their future implementation viability. In this context, this paper proposes novel JRRM techniques based on linear programming techniques, and investigates their computational cost when implemented in DSP platforms commonly used in mobile base stations. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility to implement the proposed JRRM algorithms in future heterogeneous wireless systems

Mode Selection for Multi-Hop Cellular Networks with Mobile Relays

Multi-hop Cellular Networks using Mobile Relays (MCN-MRs) are being investigated to help address certain limitations of traditional single-hop cellular communications. A key element of MCN-MR technologies is the mode selection scheme that selects the most adequate connection mode (traditional single hop cellular or multi-hop link) for each transmission. This paper proposes a novel mode selection scheme that uses context information to select the connection mode, and can adapt its decisions to the operating conditions. This study shows that the proposed scheme outperforms distance-based mode selection schemes, and helps improving the MCN-MR performance with respect to single-hop cellular communications

Sensing-Based Grant-Free Scheduling for Ultra Reliable Low Latency and Deterministic Beyond 5G Networks

5G and beyond networks should efficiently support services with stringent and diverse QoS requirements. This includes services for verticals that demand Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Scheduling strongly impacts the communication latency, and 5G NR introduces grant-free scheduling to reduce the latency at the radio level. Grant-free scheduling can use shared resources and the transmission of K replicas per packet to increase the packet delivery ratio and efficiently utilize the spectrum. Previous studies have shown that existing 5G NR grant-free scheduling has limitations to sustain URLLC requirements for aperiodic (or uncertain) and deterministic traffic that is characteristic of verticals such as Industry 4.0 or manufacturing. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates a novel grant-free scheduling scheme that can efficiently support deterministic and aperiodic uplink traffic. The scheme avoids packet collisions among UEs sharing resources using a priority-based contention resolution process that relies on the transmission of announcement messages in minislots and a local channel sensing process. This study demonstrates that the proposed sensing-based grant-free scheduling scheme outperforms current 5G NR grant-free scheduling implementations, and can support a higher number of UEs with URLLC and deterministic requirements with a considerably lower number of radio resources.This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 through the project PID2020-115576RB-I00and FSE funds through the grant PRE2018-084743,the Generalitat Valenciana through the project CIGE/2021/096,by a research grant awarded by the Vicerrectorado de Investigación of the UMH (2022)

Power and Packet Rate Control for Vehicular Networks in Multi-Application Scenarios

Vehicular networks require vehicles to periodically transmit 1-hop broadcast packets in order to detect other vehicles in their local neighborhood. Many vehicular applications depend on the correct reception of these packets that are transmitted on a common control channel. Vehicles will actually be required to simultaneously execute multiple applications. The transmission of the broadcast packets should hence be configured to satisfy the requirements of all applications while controlling the channel load. This can be challenging when vehicles simultaneously run multiple applications, and each application has different requirements that vary with the vehicular context (e.g. speed and density). In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates different techniques to dynamically adapt the rate and power of 1-hop broadcast packets per vehicle in multi-application scenarios. The proposed techniques are designed to satisfy the requirements of multiple simultaneous applications and reduce the channel load. The evaluation shows that the proposed techniques significantly decrease the channel load, and can better satisfy the requirements of multiple applications compared to existing approaches, in particular the Message Handler specified in the SAE J2735 DSRC Message Set Dictionary

5G RAN Slicing to Support Reliability in Industrial Applications

Industry 4.0 and 5.0 applications will contribute towards safer, zero-defect and customized production environments. Such applications (e.g. digital twins, collaborative robotics and extended reality) require communication networks capable to satisfy stringent latency, bandwidth, and reliability requirements. Such requirements can be sustained with 5G networks and their evolution that offer unprecedented communications performance and flexibility thanks to the softwarization of networks and the use of network slicing. Network slicing creates different logical partitions or slices of the common network infrastructure and configures each slice to the requirements of the applications it will support. RAN (Radio Access Network) slicing is a fundamental part of network slicing in 5G as the radio channel is prone to errors and this impacts the capacity to support stringent reliability requirements. To date, RAN slices have been created considering the number of radio resources that must be reserved to guarantee the transmission rate or bandwidth demanded by the applications they will serve. This study demonstrates that this design approach cannot guarantee satisfying the reliability requirements of industrial applications and proposes a novel RAN slice descriptor that takes into account both the reliability and transmission rate requirements of the applications.This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 through the project PID2020-115576RB-I00,FSE funds through the grant PRE2018-084743, by the Generalitat Valenciana through the project CIGE/2021/096and by a research grant awarded by the Vicerrectorado de Investigación of the UMH (2022)

Common Radio Resource Management Policy for Multimedia Traffic in Beyond 3G Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

Beyond 3G wireless systems will be composed of a variety of Radio Access Technologies (RATs) with different, but also complementary, performance and technical characteristics. To exploit such diversity while guaranteeing the interoperability and efficient management of the different RATs, common radio resource management (CRRM) techniques need to be defined. This work proposes and evaluates a CRRM policy that simultaneously assigns to each user an adequate combination of RAT and number of radio resources within such RAT to guarantee its QoS requirements. The proposed CRRM technique is based on linear objective functions and programming tools

Integer Linear Programming Optimization of Joint RRM Policies for Heterogeneous Wireless Systems

Wireless systems will be characterized by the coexistence of heterogeneous Radio Access Technologies (RATs) with different, but also complementary, performance and technical characteristics. These heterogeneous wireless networks will provide network operators the possibility to efficiently and coordinately use the heterogeneous radio resources, for which novel Joint Radio Resource Management (JRRM) policies need to be designed. In this context, this work proposes and evaluates a JRRM policy that simultaneously determines for each user an adequate combination of RAT and number of radio resources within such RAT to guarantee the user/service QoS requirements, and efficiently distribute the radio resources considering a user fairness approach aimed at maximizing the system capacity. To this aim, the JRRM algorithm, which takes into account the discrete nature of radio resources, is based on integer linear programming optimization mechanisms

User QoS-based Multi-Channel Assignment Schemes under Multimedia Traffic Conditions

The implementation of multi-channel assignment policies can improve a mobile’s network performance by increasing the user throughput and reducing transmission delays. However, to define efficient distribution policies, the varying service demands and the search for user QoS fairness should be considered under multimedia traffic scenarios. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates novel bankruptcy and utility-based multi-channel distribution schemes aimed at maximising the resource’s efficiency and guaranteeing user QoS fairness

Analysis of 5G-TSN Integration to Support Industry 4.0

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0 due to its capacity to support deterministic latency requirements. However, it cannot provide the required flexibility to support mobile industrial applications required for the factories of the future. This could be enabled through the integration of wireless technologies in factories, and in particular of 5G and Beyond networks since they have been designed to support ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. This has triggered significant interest to integrate 5G and TSN networks, and first frameworks for such integration have been defined. However, the work is at early stages and the solutions to effectively integrate the two networks so that 5G can support TSN QoS levels are yet to be designed. This paper discusses current research and standardization work on 5G-TSN integration, and quantifies for a closed loop control application the 5GS bridge delay. The paper uses an example based on 5G-ACIA [1] to discuss open technical and research challenges to effectively integrate 5G and TS

Correlatos psicofisiológicos periféricos de regulación emocional

II Jornadas de investigación para los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludIntroducción: La regulación emocional puede definirse como la capacidad para influir sobre qué emociones tenemos, cuándo las tenemos y cómo las experimentamos y expresamos. La mayoría de estudios se han centrado en la reevaluación cognitiva, básicamente utilizando medidas centrales (fmri o erp). Sin embargo, pocos trabajos se han interesado por los correlatos psicofisiológicos periféricos de estos procesos (por ejemplo, reflejo de sobresalto, actividad electrodérmica o variabilidad cardíaca). Método: Tomando como grupo de referencia a la población adulta, en este trabajo se realiza una revisión sistemática de estudios recientes que, utilizando metodologías diversas, aportan evidencia empírica acerca de distintos correlatos psicofisiológicos de regulación emocional. Resultados: El análisis de la literatura experimental permite observar una clara modulación del reflejo de sobresalto, en función de las instruccio- nes de la tarea (i.e., aumento o disminución de emociones negativas o positivas). De manera similar, la conductancia de la piel y la variabilidad cardíaca varían dependien- do del contenido específico y de las instrucciones de la tarea. Conclusión: Estos re- sultados sugieren que los correlatos psicofisiológicos periféricos son un índice fiable de regulación voluntaria del afecto, mostrando cómo ciertas estrategias (como la ree- valuación cognitiva) pueden modular las respuestas fisiológicas.Introduction: Emotional regulation is defined as the ability to influence what emotions we have, when we have them, and how we experience and express them. One of the most investigated strategies of emotional regulation is cognitiva reappraisal, basically using brain measures (fMRI or ERP). However, only a few studies have focused on peripheral psychophysiological correlates of these processes (e.g., startle reftex, electrodermal acivity or cardiac variability). Method: Here, we systematically review recent research focused on heallhy adult population that using diverse methodologies provide empirical evidence regarding different psychophysiological correlates of emotional regulatlon. Results: Results show that startle blink responses are modulated depending on the picture category and task instructions (i.e., increase or decrease of negative and positive emotions). Similarly, skin conductance and heart rate variability differ dependlng on the speclflc content and task instructions. Conclusion: These results suggest that peripheral psychophysiological correlates are a reliable index of voluntary regulation of affect, showing how certain strategies (such as cognitive reappraisal) can modulate physiological responses