Defending a Contested Ideal

In 1908, after decades of struggling with a public administration undermined by systemic patronage, the Canadian parliament decided that public servants would be selected on the basis of merit, through a system administered by an independent agency: the Public Service Commission of Canada. This history, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Commission, recounts its unique contribution to the development of an independent public service, which has become a pillar of Canadian parliamentary democracy

Defending a Contested Ideal

In 1908, after decades of struggling with a public administration undermined by systemic patronage, the Canadian parliament decided that public servants would be selected on the basis of merit, through a system administered by an independent agency: the Public Service Commission of Canada. This history, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Commission, recounts its unique contribution to the development of an independent public service, which has become a pillar of Canadian parliamentary democracy

Experimental investigation of the effect of spatial aggregation on reproductive success in a rewardless orchid

Plant reproductive success within a patch may depend on plant aggregation through pollinator attraction. For rewardless plants that lack rewards for pollinators, reproductive success may rely strongly on the learning abilities of pollinators. These abilities depend on relative co-flowering rewarding and rewardless plant species spatial distributions. We investigated the effect of aggregation on the reproductive success of a rewardless orchid by setting up 16 arrays in a factorial design with two levels of intraspecific aggregation for both a rewardless orchid and a rewarding co-flowering species. Our results show that increasing aggregation of both species negatively influenced the reproductive success of the rewardless plants. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study demonstrating negative effects of aggregation on reproductive success of a rewardless species due both to its own spatial aggregation and that of a co-flowering rewarding species. We argue that pollinator learning behaviour is the key driver behind this resul

À la défense d'un idéal contesté

democracy - Canadian Parliament - merit - Public Service Commission of Canad

Le nouveau modèle québécois axé sur la gouvernance

L'article soutient qu'il a bien eu un modèle québécois de développement, mais il est devenu inefficace et remis en question. Ce modèle se distinguait par son interventionniste étatique dynamique et par la constitution d'alliances entre les différents partenaires sociaux. Mais les fondements d'un modèle performant tels que l'étatisme et le nationalisme civique sont devenus empreints de faiblesses et d'insuffisances que l'utilisation du concept de gouvernance permet d'identifier. Le concept se définit comme étant « la coordination efficace de l'ensemble des activités d'une entité socio-économico-politique quand les ressources, le pouvoir et l'information sont vastement distribués ». Malgré l'inefficacité décrite, il est possible de repenser le modèle québécois de développement par la construction des communautés qui s'appuie sur la régionalité et la socialité. Finalement, le renouveau s'appuierait sur une stratégie de-gouvernance pour un meilleur usage de l'intelligence collective et des cités-régions intelligentes.The article supports that it indeed had a Quebecois model of development, but it became ineffective and questioned. This model distinguished itself by his(her) dynamic state interventionist and by the constitution of alliances among the various social partners. But the foundations of a successful model such as the state control and the civil nationalism became printed by weaknesses and by incapacities which the use of the concept of governance allows to identify. The concept defines itself as being « the effective coordination of all the activities of an entity « socio-économico-politique » when the resources, the power and the information are distributed spaciously » Meanwhile the described ineffectiveness, it is possible to rethink the Quebecois model of development by the construction of the communities which leans on the regionality and the sociality. Finally, the flourish would lean on a strategy of governance for a better usage of the collective intelligence and the cities – regions

Chapitre 4. Gestion environnementale et intégration des marchés : l’Europe et l’Amérique du Nord

Dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation de l’économie et des relations sociales, les régimes de gouvernance régionaux et internationaux influencent notre façon de nous gouverner et notre relation avec le monde naturel. Les organismes contemporains de gouvernance postnationale, comme l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), l’Union européenne (UE) et l’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALENA), influencent grandement la nature des relations entre les règles du commerce international e..

5. Pouvoir, démocratie et gouvernance en réseaux

L’étude des formes complexes de la gouvernance en réseaux, qu’ils soient intra-ou interorganisationnels, constitue un champ d’activité de plus en plus important des sciences administratives, de l’administration publique et de l’étude des politiques publiques. Le rôle déterminant joué par l’acquisition, la manipulation et la transmission du savoir et de l’information dans les sociétés contemporaines engendre de nouvelles formes d’organisation sociale dont les dynamiques internes et les conséqu..