Participative decision-making amongst employees in a cross-cultural employment setting: Evidence from 31 European countries.

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/21790There is a growing consensus among human resources researchers and professionals that a participative environment can enhance job satisfaction, commitment, employee motivation and productivity. Moreover, globalization has caused that organizations operate in a huge number of culturally diverse countries. Studies suggest that understanding national culture as a prerequisite to implementing management initiatives such as employee participation in decision-making (PDM) acquires special interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of cultural values on PDM in European organisations. The fulfilment of this purpose entails the following specific objectives: to measure the level of PDM in each European country; to examine the relationship between the six cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede in 2010 (power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/feminity, long term/short term and indulgence) and the PDM level of the organisations studied; and to define the national cultural profile of organisations that promote PDM the most and those that do the least

Satisfaction of basic psychological needs and European entrepreneurs' well-being and health: The association with job satisfaction and entrepreneurial motivation.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/3792?template=romeoPurpose: We examine an integrative model associating entrepreneurial motivation and job satisfaction with basic psychological needs satisfaction and the psychological well-being (PSW) and health problems of European entrepreneurs. In contrast with previous literature that mainly focuses on hedonic well-being, this study examines eudaimonic well-being and the link between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurs' PWB. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and using structural equation modelling, this study examines a European representative sample composed of 7878 entrepreneurs from the sixth “European Survey on Working Conditions” (6th EWCS; Eurofound, 2015 database) Findings: This study finds a positive relationship between the satisfaction of the need for autonomy and competence and opportunity motivation, which in turn is positively associated with job satisfaction. This study also finds that need satisfaction is positively associated with entrepreneurs' PWB and job satisfaction, which in turn is positively associated with entrepreneurs’ PWB and health. Results highlight the relevance of SDT, opportunity motivation, and job satisfaction to understanding entrepreneurs' PWB and health. Originality: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrative model relating satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy and competence) and diverse individual outcomes related to work (job satisfaction, PWB, and health) of European entrepreneurs, by considering entrepreneurial motivation. This study examines a large and representative European sample, in contrast with previous research focusing on the Anglosphere nations

Unpacking Entrepreneurial Education: Learning Activities, Students’ Gender, and Attitude Toward Entrepreneurship.

To promote entrepreneurship among students, academic institutions should focus on developing a positive entrepreneurial personal attitude (EPA), since it is a strong antecedent of entrepreneurial intentions, which in turn predict actual entrepreneurship. Previous research finds that EPA is lower for women than men, which is related to the acknowledged gap between women and men in entrepreneurial activity. The present work builds on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to examine how nine different entrepreneurship-focused academic activities in school impact on students’ EPA, paying special attention to gender differences. We use a sample of 918 students from a French business school to analyse gender differences in the mechanisms based on ELM central and peripheral routes to promote EPA through academic activities. Post hoc tests are also performed to explore differences by gender at different academic levels. The results have important implications for academic institutions wishing to promote entrepreneurship since we unpack entrepreneurial education into individual academic activities. In particular, results suggest that students’ gender and academic level should be considered when designing activities to promote entrepreneurship

Immigrants’ entrepreneurial motivation in europe: liabilities and assets.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research © Emerald Publishing LimitedPurpose: This paper examines how the institutional distance between immigrants’ country of residence and country of origin, as well as the regulative and normative aspects of institutions in immigrants’ country of residence, social context variables and individual psycho-behavioural factors, condition immigrants’ entrepreneurial motivation (i.e., mainly by necessity, by a combination of necessity and opportunity, or mainly by opportunity), which is in contrast to the previous literature on immigrant entrepreneurship that mainly focuses on micro-level factors. Design/methodology/approach: By using hierarchical linear regression models to test our hypotheses, we analyse 468 first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs settled in 31 European countries using data from the European Working Conditions Survey (6th EWCS; Eurofound, 2015 database) combined with other datasets to derive the macro-level variables (i.e., the Doing Business Project; Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov, 2010). Findings: We find that distance in the normative aspects of institutions harms entrepreneurial opportunity motivation. At the same time, however, opportunity motivation is likely to benefit from both the normative aspects of institutions that reduce locals’ opportunity motivation and the distance in the regulative aspects of institutions. Originality/value: This article analyses immigrant entrepreneurship in Europe, which has been underexamined in the extant literature, and takes into account the micro-, meso- and macro-level factors affecting the entrepreneurial motivation of immigrants in Europe. This analysis responds to the need already highlighted by previous research to include not only micro-level factors but also meso- and macro-level factors in the analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship (Aliaga-Isla and Rialp, 2013)

¿Se encuentra usted implicado emocionalmente con su trabajo? Un estudio del escenario laboral europeo

The deep social, economic and technological transformations that characterize the current organizational landscape require a renewal of the policies and practices of human resources, a new style where humanization and job enrichment acquire a real strategic meaning in achieving sustainable development results through people. Several studies have shown that the generation of positive attitudes in employees –such as satisfaction, job involvement or others– has a positive effect on productivity levels because such attitudes are the result of the integration of the individual with their working environment more immediate. This research focuses on one of these attitudes the emotional involvement identifying the profile of the employees involved emotionally with their work from a set of sociodemográfios, labor, organizational and attitudinal factors. To this end the theoretical framework is defined and subsequently an multidimensional empirical study applying lineal and non lineal regression models to a sample of 6,057 employees obtained from the IV European Survey on Working Conditions. The results reveal the main variables on which human resources managers should act if they seek to increase the level of emotional involvement of their employees.Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2014 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos. Las profundas transformaciones sociales, económicas y tecnológicas que caracterizan al panorama organizativo actual exigen una renovación de las políticas y prácticas de recursos humanos, un nuevo estilo donde la humanización y el enriquecimiento del puesto de trabajo adquieran un auténtico significado estratégico para alcanzar resultados sostenibles a través de las personas. Diversos estudios han puesto de manifiesto que la generación de actitudes positivas en los empleados –tales como satisfacción, implicación laboral u otras– incide positivamente en los niveles de productividad, ya que dichas actitudes representan el resultado de la integración del individuo con su entorno laboral más inmediato. La presente investigación centra la atención en una de estas actitudes –la implicación emocional–, identificando el perfil de los empleados implicados emocionalmente con su actividad laboral a partir de un conjunto de factores sociodemográfios, laborales, organizativos y actitudinales. Para lograr este fin se define el marco teórico de referencia y, posteriormente, se desarrolla un estudio empírico multidimensional aplicando un modelo de regresión lineal y no lineal a una muestra de 6.057 trabajadores obtenida de la IV Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos revelan cuáles son las principales variables sobre las que deberían actuar los responsables de recursos humanos de las organizaciones si desean aumentar el nivel de implicación emocional de sus empleados

Los empleados de las entidades no lucrativas en un mundo lucrativo

The importance of the non-profit sector in the global economy has been growing in recent decades, currently representing a very important part of the European economic and social fabric. Despite the emergence of these entities, the working conditions of employees in the sector are not sufficiently known. This study aims to provide new shades, traces and colors to help finish off the framework of the third sector in the European Union level. To achieve this purpose we compare the working conditions of employees in profit and nonprofit sectors, using a sample obtained from the V European Survey on Working Conditions 2010: 1,066 employees distributed among 469 «non-profit» and 597 «lucrative» organizations. With these data a logistic regression model is applied for determining the combined effect that different categories of variables-personal, organizational and contextual have on the probability that an individual who work in the non-profit sector compared with lucrative sector. The results obtained in the logistic regression model find that the weight of the intrinsic elements compensate poorer working conditions among employees in the third sector, this will lead to the development of positive attitudes towards work and the organization.Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2013 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos. La importancia del ámbito no lucrativo en el conjunto de la economía mundial no ha parado de crecer en las últimas décadas, significando a día de hoy una parte muy importante del tejido económico y social europeo. A pesar de la eclosión de este tipo de entidades, las condiciones laborales de los asalariados del sector no son suficientemente conocidas. El presente estudio pretende aportar nuevos matices, trazas y colores que ayuden a rematar el cuadro del tercer sector en el ámbito de la Unión Europea. Para lograr este fin se comparan las condiciones de trabajo de los asalariados del sector lucrativo y no lucrativo, utilizando una muestra obtenida de la V Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Trabajo 2010: 1.066 asalariados distribuidos entre 469 «no lucrativos» y 597 «lucrativos». Con estos datos se aplica un modelo de regresión logística que contribuye a determinar el efecto conjunto que diferentes categorías de variables –personales, organizativas y de contexto– ejercen sobre la probabilidad de que un individuo trabaje en el tercer sector frente al sector lucrativo. Los resultados que se derivan del modelo de regresión logística descubren que el peso de los elementos de retribución intrínseca compensan unas condiciones laborales extrínsecas más precarias entre los asalariados del tercer sector, derivando todo ello en el desarrollo de actitudes positivas hacia el trabajo y la propia organización

¿Es posible incrementar la motivación por oportunidad de los inmigrantes emprendedores?

This study examines factors that condition opportunity motivation of immigrant entrepreneurs in 31 European countries. We find that distance in language between immigrants’ country of residence and country of origin harms entrepreneurial opportunity motivation and that, at the same time, opportunity motivation is likely to benefit from both the normative aspects of institutions that reduce locals’ opportunity motivation (cultural values of uncertainty avoidance) and the regulative distance (the dissimilarity between the laws and regulations). Implications for the formulation of public policies and actions of private associations to promote immigrant entrepreneurs’ opportunity motivation derive from our work.Este estudio analiza los factores que condicionan la motivación por oportunidad del inmigrante emprendedor establecido en 31 países europeos. Se encuentra que la distancia lingüística existente entre los países de residencia y de origen del inmigrante socava su motivación emprendedora por oportunidad. El trabajo también encuentra que tal motivación aumenta cuando: (1) la cultura del país de acogida se caracteriza por la presencia de valores culturales de elevada aversión a la incertidumbre, que habitualmente reduce el comportamiento emprendedor de la población local; y (2) las leyes y regulaciones vigentes en su país de origen y su país residencia difieren

Entorno institucional y bienestar laboral en la gobernanza del sector turístico: un estudio europeo

The distribution of wealth generated in the tourism industry among the labor force should be considered one out of the facets of the social tourism sustainability. Literature highlights that tourism firms’ practices have an impact on labor well -being. However, it also warns that national institutions may condition the adoption of these practices by firms, and so institutions might become a challenge for well -being. This study analyzes the effect of institutions on well -being, and particularly it differentiates between employees and entrepreneurs as human resources in the tourism industry. The empirical analysis carried out on a sample of 1,352 employees and 302 entrepreneurs located in 27 European countries, confirms the direct effect of national institutions on well -being at work. Because institutions would have affect human resources’ well -being, the tourism authorities should pay attention to the governance of this industry.: La distribución de la riqueza generada por la industria turística en la fuerza laboral local representa una de las facetas del turismo social sostenible. La literatura destaca que las prácticas que aplica la empresa turística influyen en el bienestar laboral de los recursos humanos. Dado que las instituciones nacionales pueden condicionar la adopción de estas prácticas, tales instituciones pueden representar un desafío para el bienestar. Este trabajo analiza el efecto de las instituciones sobre el bienestar laboral y diferencia para ello entre empleados y emprendedores en la industria turística. El análisis empírico desarrollado con 1.352 empleados y 302 emprendedores en 27 países europeos confirma el efecto de las instituciones sobre el bienestar laboral. Por tanto, como las instituciones condicionan tal bienestar, las autoridades deben prestar más atención al gobierno de aquellas instituciones que afectan a esta faceta de la sostenibilidad turístic

Crowdfunding: A new way of financing for non-profit entities

This chapter provides a brief review of the main ways of obtaining resources from the non-profit entities in order to appreciate the new tools for doing so, as well as the possibilities of new technologies in this field. More specifically, this text analyzes how the social networks and the development of Web 2.0 affect the possibilities of obtaining resources for these organizations through crowdfunding, which represents an additional source of income to help fund projects with very specific characteristics, but is not the only way to enable these organizations to sustain their cost structures