521 research outputs found
Selection and validation of potato candidate genes for maturity corrected resistance to Phytophthora infestans based on differential expression combined with SNP association and linkage mapping.
Late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most important bottlenecks of potato production worldwide. Cultivars with high levels of durable, race unspecific, quantitative resistance are part of a solution to this problem. However, breeding for quantitative resistance is hampered by the correlation between resistance and late plant maturity, which is an undesirable agricultural attribute. The objectives of our research are (i) the identification of genes that condition quantitative resistance to P. infestans not compromised by late plant maturity and (ii) the discovery of diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to be used as molecular tools to increase efficiency and precision of resistance breeding. Twenty two novel candidate genes were selected based on comparative transcript profiling by SuperSAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) in groups of plants with contrasting levels of maturity corrected resistance (MCR). Reproducibility of differential expression was tested by quantitative real time PCR and allele specific pyrosequencing in four new sets of genotype pools with contrasting late blight resistance levels, at three infection time points and in three independent infection experiments. Reproducibility of expression patterns ranged from 28 to 97%. Association mapping in a panel of 184 tetraploid cultivars identified SNPs in five candidate genes that were associated with MCR. These SNPs can be used in marker-assisted resistance breeding. Linkage mapping in two half-sib families (n = 111) identified SNPs in three candidate genes that were linked with MCR. The differentially expressed genes that showed association and/or linkage with MCR putatively function in phytosterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, asparagine synthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, cell wall modification, and in the response to pathogen elicitors
Cluster mean-field study of the parity conserving phase transition
The phase transition of the even offspringed branching and annihilating
random walk is studied by N-cluster mean-field approximations on
one-dimensional lattices. By allowing to reach zero branching rate a phase
transition can be seen for any N <= 12.The coherent anomaly extrapolations
applied for the series of approximations results in and
.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table included, Minor changes, scheduled for
pubication in PR
ETD on small intact proteins in an ultra high resolution quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer
Comunicaciones a congreso
A supercritical series analysis for the generalized contact process with diffusion
We study a model that generalizes the CP with diffusion. An additional
transition is included in the model so that at a particular point of its phase
diagram a crossover from the directed percolation to the compact directed
percolation class will happen. We are particularly interested in the effect of
diffusion on the properties of the crossover between the universality classes.
To address this point, we develop a supercritical series expansion for the
ultimate survival probability and analyse this series using d-log Pad\'e and
partial differential approximants. We also obtain approximate solutions in the
one- and two-site dynamical mean-field approximations. We find evidences that,
at variance to what happens in mean-field approximations, the crossover
exponent remains close to even for quite high diffusion rates, and
therefore the critical line in the neighborhood of the multicritical point
apparently does not reproduce the mean-field result (which leads to )
as the diffusion rate grows without bound
Distinct Scaling Regimes of Energy Release Dynamics in the Nighttime Magnetosphere
Based on a spatiotemporal analysis of POLAR UVI images, we show that the
auroral emission events that initiate equatorward of the isotropic boundary
(IB) obtained from a time-dependent empirical model, have systematically
steeper power-law slopes of energy, power, area and lifetime probability
distributions compared to the events that initiate poleward of the IB. The
low-latitude group of events contains a distinct subpopulation of
substorm-scale disturbances violating the power-law behavior, while the high
latitude group is described by nearly perfect power-law statistics over the
entire range of scales studied. The results obtained indicate that the inner
and outer portions of the plasma sheet are characterized by substantially
different scaling regimes of bursty energy dissipation suggestive of different
physics in these regions.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
Critical and Near-Critical Branching Processes
Scale-free dynamics in physical and biological systems can arise from a
variety of causes. Here, we explore a branching process which leads to such
dynamics. We find conditions for the appearance of power laws and study
quantitatively what happens to these power laws when such conditions are
violated. From a branching process model, we predict the behavior of two
systems which seem to exhibit near scale-free behavior--rank-frequency
distributions of number of subtaxa in biology, and abundance distributions of
genotypes in an artificial life system. In the light of these, we discuss
distributions of avalanche sizes in the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model.Comment: 9 pages LaTex with 10 PS figures. v.1 of this paper contains results
from non-critical sandpile simulations that were excised from the published
versio
Recommended from our members
The performance realities of massively parallel processors: A case study
This paper presents the results of an architectural comparison of SIMD massive parallelism, as implemented in the Thinking Machines Corp. CM-2 computer, and vector or concurrent-vector processing, as implemented in the Cray Research Inc. Y-MP/8. The comparison is based primarily upon three application codes that represent Los Alamos production computing. Tests were run by porting optimized CM Fortran codes to the Y-MP, so that the same level of optimization was obtained on both machines. The results for fully-configured systems, using measured data rather than scaled data from smaller configurations, show that the Y-MP/8 is faster than the 64k CM-2 for all three codes. A simple model that accounts for the relative characteristic computational speeds of the two machines, and reduction in overall CM-2 performance due to communication or SIMD conditional execution, is included. The model predicts the performance of two codes well, but fails for the third code, because the proportion of communications in this code is very high. Other factors, such as memory bandwidth and compiler effects, are also discussed. Finally, the paper attempts to show the equivalence of the CM-2 and Y-MP programming models, and also comments on selected future massively parallel processor designs
Recommended from our members
Development and Validation of a Hierarchical Memory Model Incorporating CPU- and Memory-Operation Overlap
Distributed shared memory architectures (DSM`s) such as the Origin 2000 are being implemented which extend the concept of single-processor cache hierarchies across an entire physically-distributed multiprocessor machine. The scalability of a DSM machine is inherently tied to memory hierarchy performance, including such issues as latency hiding techniques in the architecture, global cache-coherence protocols, memory consistency models and, of course, the inherent locality of reference in algorithms of interest. In this paper, we characterize application performance with a {open_quotes}memory-centric{close_quotes} view. Using a simple mean value analysis (MVA) strategy and empirical performance data, we infer the contribution of each level in the memory system to the application`s overall cycles per instruction (cpi). We account for the overlap of processor execution with memory accesses - a key parameter which is not directly measurable on the Origin systems. We infer the separate contributions of three major architecture features in the memory subsystem of the Origin 2000: cache size, outstanding loads-under-miss, and memory latency
Nationalism, ethnicity and religion: Fundamental conflicts and the politics of identity in Tanzania
- …