Functional analysis of tomato LeEIL1 in an Arabidopsis ein2 mutant

The ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3)/EIN3-Like (EIL) EIN3/EILs, novel nuclear proteins, are located at the downstream position of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. LeEIL1, which is expressed in fruit throughout ripening, is key transcription factor in the ethylene signaling pathway in tomato. To reveal its function, the LeEIL1 gene has been transformed into and expressed in the ein2 mutant of Arabidopsis. The expression levels of the transgene in the single copy line, LeEIL1-ein2-b, were higher than those in the multiple-copy line, LeEIL1-ein2-a. The ethylene-insensitive phenotype of the ein2 mutant plants has been partially recovered by expression of LeEIL1. The florescence of LeEIL1-ein2-a and LeEIL1-ein2-b exceeded that of the ein2 mutant but was still less than that of wild type of Arabidopsis. The expression of four pathology-related genes (AtPR3, 4, AtPDF1.2 and AtGST2) has been analyzed in LeEIL1 transgenic ein2 mutant plants. The expression of AtPR3 and AtPR4, which was reduced in the ein2 mutant, was enhanced in the two transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The expression of the AtPDF1.2 gene was unaffected in the two transgenic Arabidopsis lines, the ein2 mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. In addition, the expression level of AtGST2 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants was lower even than that in ein2 mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis plants

A Deep Relevance Matching Model for Ad-hoc Retrieval

In recent years, deep neural networks have led to exciting breakthroughs in speech recognition, computer vision, and natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, there have been few positive results of deep models on ad-hoc retrieval tasks. This is partially due to the fact that many important characteristics of the ad-hoc retrieval task have not been well addressed in deep models yet. Typically, the ad-hoc retrieval task is formalized as a matching problem between two pieces of text in existing work using deep models, and treated equivalent to many NLP tasks such as paraphrase identification, question answering and automatic conversation. However, we argue that the ad-hoc retrieval task is mainly about relevance matching while most NLP matching tasks concern semantic matching, and there are some fundamental differences between these two matching tasks. Successful relevance matching requires proper handling of the exact matching signals, query term importance, and diverse matching requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel deep relevance matching model (DRMM) for ad-hoc retrieval. Specifically, our model employs a joint deep architecture at the query term level for relevance matching. By using matching histogram mapping, a feed forward matching network, and a term gating network, we can effectively deal with the three relevance matching factors mentioned above. Experimental results on two representative benchmark collections show that our model can significantly outperform some well-known retrieval models as well as state-of-the-art deep matching models.Comment: CIKM 2016, long pape

Surface and bulk electronic structures of LaOFeAs studied by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy

The electronic structure of LaOFeAs, a parent compound of iron-arsenic superconductors, is studied by angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy. By examining its dependence on photon energy, polarization, sodium dosing and the counting of Fermi surface volume, both the bulk and the surface contributions are identified. We find that a bulk band moves toward high binding energies below structural transition, and shifts smoothly across the spin density wave transition by about 25 meV. Our data suggest the band reconstruction may play a crucial role in the spin density wave transition, and the structural transition is driven by the short range magnetic order. For the surface states, both the LaO-terminated and FeAs-terminated components are revealed. Certain small band shifts are verified for the FeAs-terminated surface states in the spin density wave state, which is a reflection of the bulk electronic structure reconstruction. Moreover, sharp quasiparticle peaks quickly rise at low temperatures, indicating of drastic reduction of the scattering rate. A kink structure in one of the surface band is shown to be possibly related to the electron-phonon interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Developmental morphology of the small intestine in Yangzhou goslings

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of the weight and the morphological development of the small intestine in Yangzhou geese. The weight, length and perimeter of the small intestine, height and width of the villi, depth of the crypts were measured when geese were 1, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days of age. The results revealed that the weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (relative to the BW) increased, peaked on day 14 and tended to decline thereafter with age. The weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (relative to the BW) kept steady-going on 56, 42, 42 days, respectively. A 3-fold increase in length and 2-fold increase in perimeter for the three segments during the period were obtained. The duodenum increased little in length, whereas both jejunum and ileum increased 2 and 3-folds from 1 to 70 days examined. The increase in perimeter of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was greater from day 1 to 14 than from day 14 to 28. The length and perimeter of the intestinal segments of the gastro-intestinal of Yangzhou geese (relative to the BW) peaked on day 1, then decreased with age and kept steady-going on 42 days, except the relative perimeter of the duodenum. The villus height, surface area and crypt depth in the small intestine were positively correlated with the age of the geese. The ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth (V/C) differed among the segments of the small intestine and at the different time points. The V/C in the ileum increased from day 1 to 70, whereas in the duodenum the ratio first decreased, then rose and descended. However, in the jejunum the ratio increased first, then dropped and rose again, and descended eventually.Key words: Geese, small intestine, morphology

Cloning and homologic analysis of Tpn I gene in silkworm Bombyx mori

The troponin complex is composed of three subunits, Troponin C (the calcium sensor component) and Troponin T and I (structural proteins). Tpn C is encoded by multiple genes in insects, while the Tpn T and Tpn I proteins are encoded by single genes. Tpn I binds to actin and Tpn T binds to tropomyosin. We cloned and sequenced the Tpn I (AY873787) gene from Bombyx mori that encodes 225 amino acids and contains a conserved motif seen in Drosophila virilis and Anopheles gambiae. Bioinformaticanalysis suggests that its deduced amino sequence shares 81.3 and 78.7% homology with the Tpn I genes of A. gambiae and D. virili, respectively