216 research outputs found
Identifying Patch Correctness in Test-Based Program Repair
Test-based automatic program repair has attracted a lot of attention in
recent years. However, the test suites in practice are often too weak to
guarantee correctness and existing approaches often generate a large number of
incorrect patches.
To reduce the number of incorrect patches generated, we propose a novel
approach that heuristically determines the correctness of the generated
patches. The core idea is to exploit the behavior similarity of test case
executions. The passing tests on original and patched programs are likely to
behave similarly while the failing tests on original and patched programs are
likely to behave differently. Also, if two tests exhibit similar runtime
behavior, the two tests are likely to have the same test results. Based on
these observations, we generate new test inputs to enhance the test suites and
use their behavior similarity to determine patch correctness.
Our approach is evaluated on a dataset consisting of 139 patches generated
from existing program repair systems including jGenProg, Nopol, jKali, ACS and
HDRepair. Our approach successfully prevented 56.3\% of the incorrect patches
to be generated, without blocking any correct patches.Comment: ICSE 201
SCITAB: A Challenging Benchmark for Compositional Reasoning and Claim Verification on Scientific Tables
Current scientific fact-checking benchmarks exhibit several shortcomings,
such as biases arising from crowd-sourced claims and an over-reliance on
text-based evidence. We present SCITAB, a challenging evaluation dataset
consisting of 1.2K expert-verified scientific claims that 1) originate from
authentic scientific publications and 2) require compositional reasoning for
verification. The claims are paired with evidence-containing scientific tables
annotated with labels. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that
SCITAB poses a significant challenge to state-of-the-art models, including
table-based pretraining models and large language models. All models except
GPT-4 achieved performance barely above random guessing. Popular prompting
techniques, such as Chain-of-Thought, do not achieve much performance gains on
SCITAB. Our analysis uncovers several unique challenges posed by SCITAB,
including table grounding, claim ambiguity, and compositional reasoning. Our
codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/XinyuanLu00/SciTab.Comment: Accepted at EMNLP 2023 (main conference, long paper
O Serviço Social nas Autarquias e a sua Importância para o Desenvolvimento Social Local
Aprofundar o conhecimento do Serviço Social e reflectir sobre a prática profissional do
Assistente Social e a criação de polÃticas sociais com vista ao desenvolvimento social local,
nomeadamente, na Câmara Municipal da Batalha, constituÃram o objectivo de estudo.
A descentralização do Poder Central para o Poder Local, assente na proximidade ao cidadão,
mantém-se em discussão na agenda polÃtica e ganha maior relevo na conjuntura actual, com a
reforma do Poder Local. Contudo, até ao momento, as transferências no âmbito da Acção
Social mantêm-se bastante genéricas e sem regulamentação. Por essa razão, o Poder Local
intervém na área social sem que essas competências estejam delineadas pela tutela e muitas
vezes sem o devido financiamento, deixando aos Executivos Municipais a decisão sobre a
criação de polÃticas sociais.
Neste sentido, com o intuito de assegurarem os interesses das suas populações, as Câmaras
Municipais implementam medidas sociais de âmbito local, que se revelam mais ou menos
intensas, consoante o importância que lhes é dada por cada Executivo, que define as áreas de
intervenção prioritárias e quais os recursos disponÃveis para investir no domÃnio social.
O Serviço Social revela ser um importante recurso das autarquias na criação das polÃticas
sociais locais, na medida em que o Assistente Social, ao conhecer o território e intervir mais
próximo dos cidadãos, pode propor programas de desenvolvimento local, adequados aos
interesses da população. No caso particular da Câmara Municipal da Batalha, reflectiu-se
sobre a prática da Assistente Social e evocaram-se as polÃticas sociais por esta planeadas e
desenvolvidas, revelando o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento social do concelho.
Atestou-se, em género de conclusão, que, apesar do Assistente Social ter um papel cada vez
mais preponderante na execução das polÃticas de desenvolvimento local, a sua prática
profissional tem limitações por não ser capaz, por si só, de resolver problemas sociais de
génese estrutural, influenciados pela conjuntura nacional e internacional
Deciphering molecular details in the assembly of alpha-type carboxysome
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are promising natural protein structures for applications that require the segregation of certain metabolic functions or molecular species in a defined microenvironment. To understand how endogenous cargos are packaged inside the protein shell is key for using BMCs as nano-scale reactors or delivery vesicles. In this report, we studied the encapsulation of RuBisCO into the α-type carboxysome from Halothiobacillus neapolitan. Our experimental data revealed that the CsoS2 scaffold proteins engage RuBisCO enzyme through an interaction with the small subunit (CbbS). In addition, the N domain of the large subunit (CbbL) of RuBisCO interacts with all shell proteins that can form the hexamers. The binding affinity between the N domain of CbbL and one of the major shell proteins, CsoS1C, is within the submicromolar range. The absence of the N domain also prevented the encapsulation of the rest of the RuBisCO subunits. Our findings complete the picture of how RuBisCOs are encapsulated into the α-type carboxysome and provide insights for future studies and engineering of carboxysome as a protein shell
The effect of chemotherapy combined with recombination mutant human tumor necrosis factor on advanced cancer
BACKGROUND: Past studies suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) assisted anti-tumor treatment and intensified the sensitivity of chemotherapy. However its clinical application has been curbed because of its low purity, high dosage, and strong toxicity. This research, through perspective random clinical control experiment, observed the therapeutic effect of the treatment of late malignant tumor through the injection of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor (rmhTNF) combined with general chemotherapy and its adverse reactions. METHODS: 105 patients with advanced malignant tumor were randomly divided into trial group, 69 patients, and control group, 36 patients. Injection of rmhTNF 4 × 10(6)u/m(2 )was given to the trial group, from the 1(st )to 7(th )days, the 11(th )to 17(th )days combined with chemotherapy course. The chemotherapy plan was as follows: CAP for patients with the NSCLC; FAM for patients with gastric cancer; FC for patients with colorectal cancer. One treatment cycle lasted for 21 days and two cycles were scheduled. The control group was given only the same chemotherapy as the trial group. RESULTS: In the trial group there was 1 CR case and 12 PR cases, and the response rate is 13/69 (18.84%); in the control group 1 PR case, the response rate 1/36 (2.78%). The response rate of the trial group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = 0.022). The response rate for NSCLC in the trial group was 8/17 (47.06%), and 1/6 (16.67%) in the control group. The response rates for gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in the trial groups also were higher than those of the control groups. After the treatment the KPS is 89.00 ± 9.92 in the trial group, and 84.17 ± 8.84 in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.028). The adverse reactions of rmhTNF injection included: pain in the injection area, chill, hardening and swelling and redness in the injection area, fever, ostealgia and myosalgia, and cold-like symptoms. All these adverse reactions were mild and bearable. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of rmhTNF injection in combination with general chemotherapy is an effective and secure means in treating advanced malignant tumor
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