The UV and VIS Absorption Spectra of Jatrorubine

The absorption spectra of water, methanolic, ethanolic and propanolic solutions of jatrorubine in the VIS and UV spectral range were recorded. The acidity and the alkalinity of the solutions were changed in the wide range from pH = 2 to pH = 13 by the addition of KOH and HCl in the solutions. From the influence of pH on the shapes of the absorption curves, it was concluded that jatrorubine exists as quaternary aminic cation in the acidic medium and as the resonance dipole molecula in the basic media, but no evidence for the existence of carbinolic form was found. The results were compared with the literature data

The UV and VIS Absorption Spectra of Jatrorubine

The absorption spectra of water, methanolic, ethanolic and propanolic solutions of jatrorubine in the VIS and UV spectral range were recorded. The acidity and the alkalinity of the solutions were changed in the wide range from pH = 2 to pH = 13 by the addition of KOH and HCl in the solutions. From the influence of pH on the shapes of the absorption curves, it was concluded that jatrorubine exists as quaternary aminic cation in the acidic medium and as the resonance dipole molecula in the basic media, but no evidence for the existence of carbinolic form was found. The results were compared with the literature data

Characteristics and drivers of forest cover change in the post-socialist era in Croatia: evidence from a mixed-methods approach

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Extensive forests in Croatia represent an important biological and economic resource in Europe. They are characterised by heterogeneity in forest management practices dating back to the socialist planned economy of the pre-1991 era. In this study we investigated the difference in rates of deforestation and reforestation in private- and state-owned forests during the post-socialist period and the causal drivers of change. The selected region of Northern Croatia is characterised by a high percentage of privately owned forests with minimal national monitoring and control. We used a mixed-methods approach which combines remote sensing, statistical modelling and a household-based questionnaire survey to assess the rates of forest cover change and factors influencing those changes. The results show that predominantly privately owned forests in Northern Croatia have recorded a net forest loss of 1.8 % during the 1991–2011 period, while Croatia overall is characterised by a 10 % forest cover increase in predominantly state-owned forests. Main factors influencing forest cover changes in private forests are slope, altitude, education structure, population age and population density. The results also show that the deforestation in private forests is weakening overall, mostly due to the continuation of the de-agrarisation and de-ruralisation processes which began during socialism

CdSe Quantum Dot (QD)-Induced Morphological and Functional Impairments to Liver in Mice

Quantum dots (QDs), as unique nanoparticle probes, have been used in in vivo fluorescence imaging such as cancers. Due to the novel characteristics in fluorescence, QDs represent a family of promising substances to be used in experimental and clinical imaging. Thus far, the toxicity and harmful health effects from exposure (including environmental exposure) to QDs are not recognized, but are largely concerned by the public. To assess the biological effects of QDs, we established a mouse model of acute and chronic exposure to QDs. Results from the present study suggested that QD particles could readily spread into various organs, and liver was the major organ for QD accumulation in mice from both the acute and chronic exposure. QDs caused significant impairments to livers from mice with both acute and chronic QD exposure as reflected by morphological alternation to the hepatic lobules and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, QDs remarkably induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with cytotoxicity, as characterized by a significant increase of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level within hepatocytes. However, the increase of the MDA level in response to QD treatment could be partially blunted by the pre-treatment of cells with beta-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). These data suggested ROS played a crucial role in causing oxidative stress-associated cellular damage from QD exposure; nevertheless other unidentified mediators might also be involved in QD-mediated cellular impairments. Importantly, we demonstrated that the hepatoxicity caused by QDs in vivo and in vitro was much greater than that induced by cadmium ions at a similar or even a higher dose. Taken together, the mechanism underlying QD-mediated biological influences might derive from the toxicity of QD particles themselves, and from free cadmium ions liberated from QDs as well

The UV and VIS absorption spectra of jatrorubine

The absorption spectra of water, methanolic, ethanolic and propanolic solutions of jatrorubine in the VIS and UV spectral range were recorded. The acidity and the alkalinity of the solutions were changed in the wide range from pH = 2 to pH = 13 by the addition of KOH and HCl in the solutions. From the influence of pH on the shapes of the absorption curves, it was concluded that jatrorubine exists as quaternary aminic cation in the acidic medium and as the resonance dipole molecula in the basic media, but no evidence for the existence of carbinolic form was found. The results were compared with the literature data

Pulmonary Contusions After Blunt Chest Trauma: Clinical Significance and Evaluation of Patient Management

INTRODUCTION: A pulmonary contusion is an entity defined as alveolar haemorrhage and pulmonary parenchymal destruction after blunt chest trauma. According to the literature, most pulmonary contusions can only be seen on a chest CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patients with pulmonary contusions, as well as their management, considering diagnostic and therapeutic options related to their outcomes, since we assumed, based on everyday clinical practice, that an 'overdiagnosing' and 'overtreatment' attitude towards this injury could be present. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The research was a retrospective study including 5042 patients admitted to the Department of Traumatology in the Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, during a 3-year period. The medical data of the patients who suffered pulmonary contusion were evaluated considering significant characteristics, known risk factors, procedures undergone, and outcomes. RESULTS: During the 3-year period, 2% of all the admitted patients were diagnosed with a pulmonary contusion. In 54% of the cases, the patient suffered polytraumatic injuries. The pulmonary contusion was an isolated injury in 7% of the patients. In 31% of the cases, there was no liquidothorax or pneumothorax (isolated pulmonary contusion). In 89% of the patients the pulmonary contusion was diagnosed using a CT scan. In 68% of the patients there were no interventions regarding the thorax; thoracocentesis was performed in 25% of the cases, and pleural punction in 14% of the cases. 25% of the patients developed respiratory insufficiency and 16% required mechanical ventilation. Regarding isolated pulmonary contusions, respiratory insufficiency was present in 8% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that a pulmonary contusion seen on CT only has limited clinical significance and that the use of CT scans in diagnosing and follow-up of these patients should be re-evaluated. Further prospective and randomised studies should be conducted and the patients should be clinically evaluated, with the administration of supportive and antibiotic therapy, maintaining the fluid balance, the administration of diuretics, supportive oxygen therapy, pulmonary toilet, and physical therapy