Operative Treatment of Femoral Fractures in Dogs

Pojavnost prijeloma bedrene kosti u pasa i mačaka kreće se od 20 do 25% od svih prijeloma. Operacijsko liječenje je metoda izbora. Kirurško liječenje koristi principe biološke osteosinteze ili anatomske repozicije. Najširu primjenu ima AO klasifikacija prijeloma bedrene kosti. U ovom radu iznosim pogled na različite metode osteosinteze te tijek cijeljenja na temelju pojedinih slučajeva obrađenih u jednoj veterinarskoj klinici. U radu se prikazuju prijelomi bedrene kosti po razinama i tehnike osteosinteze za određenu razinu. Sukladno dostupnoj literaturi te iskustvu koje sam stekla promatrajući operacijske tehnike i ishode liječenja na klinici najbolje rezultate daju metode što manje invazivne kirurgije. Izbor metode operacijskog liječenja ovisi kako o tipu, razini i složenosti prijeloma, tako i o sposobnosti i opremljenosti tima koji provodi liječenje.Femoral fractures in dogs and cats account for 20-25% of all fractures. Operative treatment is a method of choice. Surgical treatment is based upon biological principle of osteosynthesis or anatomic fracture reduction. AO classification of fracture has a widespread use in general. This paper reveals different methods of osteosynthesis and healing process based on chosen cases managed in certain small animal clinic. The level of femoral fracture and the chosen method of osteosynthesis are shown respectively. According to available literature and my personal observation during my externship the best results are achieved by use of minimal invasive surgery. The choice of operative method depends on type, level and complexity of fracture and surgical skills and equipment of the team providing care respectively

Subklinička dirofilarioza u pasa u Hrvatskoj – rezultati retrogradne pretrage arhivskih uzoraka krvi

Dirofilariosis is an emerging vector-borne disease of dogs and other canids transmitted by female mosquitoes of the Culicidae family, and caused by filarial nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria. Dirofilaria immitis mainly infects the pulmonary arteries and right heart chambers, and it can cause heartworm disease in dogs, while D. repens is found mainly in subcutaneous tissue and causes subclinical infection. Both have zoonotic potential. Human infections caused by D. repens are increasing in Europe, and it is emerging as a serious public health threat. Scientific interest has tended to focus mostly on D. immitis because of its pathogenicity and veterinary importance. This study aimed to update the information about dirofilariosis in the canine population in Croatia. Therefore, 531 blood samples were tested for the presence of microfilariae using a modified Knott’s test and a commercial test for detection of D. immitis circulating antigens. Microfilaremia was detected in 8.1% of the tested dogs, of which 7.9% were caused by D. repens and 0.4% by D. immitis. A single sample (0.2%) showed a mixed infection with both D. repens and D. immitis. The seroprevalence for D. immitis was 0.4%. No occult D. immitis infection was detected, and microfilariae were detected in all antigen-positive samples.Dirofilarioza je vektorski prenosiva bolest pasa i drugih kanida, koju prenose ženke komaraca iz porodice Culicidae, a uzrokuju je oblići iz roda Dirofilaria. D. immitis parazitira u plućnim arterijama i desnoj strani srca te može prouzročiti kardiopulmonalnu bolest kod pasa, dok D. repens parazitira uglavnom u potkožju i invazija je supkliničkog tijeka. Zoonotskog su potencijala. U Europi raste broj ljudi invadiranih s D. repens, što je ozbiljn javnozdravstveni problem. Znanstveni interes je uglavnom usmjeren na D. immitis zbog patogenosti i značaja u veterinarskoj medicini. Cilj je ovog istraživanja ažuriranje informacija o učestalosti dirofilarioze u populaciji pasa u Hrvatskoj. U tu svrhu, primjenom modificiranog testa po Knott-u i komercijalnog brzog testa za detekciju cirkulirajućeg antigena D. immitis testiran je 531 uzorak krvi pasa. Otkriveno je 8,1 % pasa s mikrofilarijama od čega se 7,9 % odnosilo na D. repens, a 0,4 % na D. immitis. Jedan je uzorak (0,2 %) bio pozitivan na D. repens i D. immitis. Seroprevalencija za D. immitis bila je 0,4 %. Okultna dirofilarioza nije otkrivena, a u svim uzorcima koji su bili pozitivni na cirkulacijski antigen parazita D. immitis pronađene su i mikrofilarije

Operative Treatment of Femoral Fractures in Dogs

Pojavnost prijeloma bedrene kosti u pasa i mačaka kreće se od 20 do 25% od svih prijeloma. Operacijsko liječenje je metoda izbora. Kirurško liječenje koristi principe biološke osteosinteze ili anatomske repozicije. Najširu primjenu ima AO klasifikacija prijeloma bedrene kosti. U ovom radu iznosim pogled na različite metode osteosinteze te tijek cijeljenja na temelju pojedinih slučajeva obrađenih u jednoj veterinarskoj klinici. U radu se prikazuju prijelomi bedrene kosti po razinama i tehnike osteosinteze za određenu razinu. Sukladno dostupnoj literaturi te iskustvu koje sam stekla promatrajući operacijske tehnike i ishode liječenja na klinici najbolje rezultate daju metode što manje invazivne kirurgije. Izbor metode operacijskog liječenja ovisi kako o tipu, razini i složenosti prijeloma, tako i o sposobnosti i opremljenosti tima koji provodi liječenje.Femoral fractures in dogs and cats account for 20-25% of all fractures. Operative treatment is a method of choice. Surgical treatment is based upon biological principle of osteosynthesis or anatomic fracture reduction. AO classification of fracture has a widespread use in general. This paper reveals different methods of osteosynthesis and healing process based on chosen cases managed in certain small animal clinic. The level of femoral fracture and the chosen method of osteosynthesis are shown respectively. According to available literature and my personal observation during my externship the best results are achieved by use of minimal invasive surgery. The choice of operative method depends on type, level and complexity of fracture and surgical skills and equipment of the team providing care respectively

Mjuzikli Ginger Rogers i Freda Astairea

This paper is structured in two main parts – first, it gives an overview of major historical events that had influenced the development of film making with focus on musicals and secondly, it gives an insight into the lives and careers of the most prominent on-screen couple of the 1930s – Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. Also, Top Hat and Swing Time are thoroughly analyzed as they are regarded as their most significant films.Ovaj je rad strukturiran u dva dijela – prvo, daje pregled najvažnijih povijesnih događaja koji su utjecali na razvoj filmskog stvaralaštva s fokusom na mjuzikle i drugo, daje uvid u živote te karijere najvažnijeg para na filmu tijekom 1930.-ih – Fred Astairea i Ginger Rogers. Također, detaljno su obrađeni Cilindar i Doba svinga jer se smatraju njihovim najbitnijim filmovima

Mjuzikli Ginger Rogers i Freda Astairea

This paper is structured in two main parts – first, it gives an overview of major historical events that had influenced the development of film making with focus on musicals and secondly, it gives an insight into the lives and careers of the most prominent on-screen couple of the 1930s – Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. Also, Top Hat and Swing Time are thoroughly analyzed as they are regarded as their most significant films.Ovaj je rad strukturiran u dva dijela – prvo, daje pregled najvažnijih povijesnih događaja koji su utjecali na razvoj filmskog stvaralaštva s fokusom na mjuzikle i drugo, daje uvid u živote te karijere najvažnijeg para na filmu tijekom 1930.-ih – Fred Astairea i Ginger Rogers. Također, detaljno su obrađeni Cilindar i Doba svinga jer se smatraju njihovim najbitnijim filmovima

The Egyptian Book of the Dead – Rituals and Magic

Egipatska Knjiga mrtvih jedno je od najvažnijih djela drevne egipatske povijesti koje svojim izgledom, sadržajem i povijesti nastanka svjedoči o bogatom kulturnom životu drevnih Egipćana. Njihovo štovanje mnoštva bogova i božica nalaže da su imali izniman odnos prema zagrobnom životu, a za prelazak u nj, bilo je potrebno izvesti razne pogrebne rituale. U njima su najvažniju ulogu imali svećenici kao njihovi izvršitelji te figure i amuleti kao pokojnikovi suputnici. Svi su se ti događaji slavili raznim festivalima, no nad svima njima dominaciju imaju čarolije iz Knjige mrtvih koje su sve te procese i omogućile.With its appearance, content and origin, the Egyptian Book of the Dead is one of the most important works of the ancient Egyptian history. In addition, it attests to the cultural life of people in ancient Egypt. Their worship of many gods and goddesses testifies about their exceptional regard towards the afterlife. In order to cross into it, many funerary rituals were required. They were conducted by priests whose role was of utmost importance. Figurines and amulets that accompanied the deceased in these rituals were also prominent. All these actions were celebrated with great number of festivals, but above all, the most relevant were the spells from the Book of the Dead which made all these processes possible

The Egyptian Book of the Dead – Rituals and Magic

Egipatska Knjiga mrtvih jedno je od najvažnijih djela drevne egipatske povijesti koje svojim izgledom, sadržajem i povijesti nastanka svjedoči o bogatom kulturnom životu drevnih Egipćana. Njihovo štovanje mnoštva bogova i božica nalaže da su imali izniman odnos prema zagrobnom životu, a za prelazak u nj, bilo je potrebno izvesti razne pogrebne rituale. U njima su najvažniju ulogu imali svećenici kao njihovi izvršitelji te figure i amuleti kao pokojnikovi suputnici. Svi su se ti događaji slavili raznim festivalima, no nad svima njima dominaciju imaju čarolije iz Knjige mrtvih koje su sve te procese i omogućile.With its appearance, content and origin, the Egyptian Book of the Dead is one of the most important works of the ancient Egyptian history. In addition, it attests to the cultural life of people in ancient Egypt. Their worship of many gods and goddesses testifies about their exceptional regard towards the afterlife. In order to cross into it, many funerary rituals were required. They were conducted by priests whose role was of utmost importance. Figurines and amulets that accompanied the deceased in these rituals were also prominent. All these actions were celebrated with great number of festivals, but above all, the most relevant were the spells from the Book of the Dead which made all these processes possible