Labour reallocation during transition: the case of Poland

This paper analyses the reallocation of labour during the transition period, which is argued not only to ease the transition from a planned to market orientated economy, but also to be fundamental to the successful integration of Poland into the European Union. Labour force survey data is used to gauge the overall level of reallocation during the period 1994-1998, a period in which the transition process is considered to be well and truly under way. The results obtained illustrate the inherent immobility prevailing in the Polish labour market during this period and would appear to suggest the presence of relatively significant structural rigidities in the labour market. It is argued that mobility rates of this magnitude are likely to result in considerable strains being placed on the Polish economy when it enters the European Union and could, over the medium term, result in relatively high levels of unemployment. Unless mobility is stimulated, European accession is therefore likely to be a socially costly process. The microeconometric analysis of the determinants of individual mobility presented in the second part of the paper offers a first step to identifying the demographic, economic and social attributes which either aid or inhibit effective labour reallocation. The results obtained highlight a number of important differences in mobility behaviour across age, gender, educational attainment, occupational grouping and labour market experience, which will need to be taken into account in the formulation of active labour market policies to stimulate individual mobility. --

Identifying labour market dynamics using labour force survey data

This paper evaluates the appropriateness of the standard methodologies and the quality of the data frequently used to analyse labour market dynamics in Europe. Our results indicate that, due to recall error and heterogeneous survey design, the retrospective approach tends to result in a considerable number of spurious transitions being recorded. Whilst the use of quasi-longitudinal data should overcome such problems, sample attrition and more importantly, misclassification error, is shown to result in significant over-reporting of transitions. Studies which failure to allow for the error structure of the underlying data are therefore, likely to be subject to considerable bias. --

Labour Reallocation During Transition: The Case of Poland

This paper analyses the reallocation of labour during the transition period, which is argued not only to ease the transition from a planned to market orientated economy, but also to be fundamental to the successful integration of Poland into the European Union. Labour force survey data is used to gauge the overall level of reallocation during the period 1994-1998, a period in which the transition process is considered to be well and truly under way. The results obtained illustrate the inherent immobility prevailing in the Polish labour market during this period and would appear to suggest the presence of relatively significant structural rigidities in the labour market. It is argued that mobility rates of this magnitude are likely to result in considerable strains being placed on the Polish economy when it enters the European Union and could, over the medium term, result in relatively high levels of unemployment. Unless mobility is stimulated, European accession is therefore likely to be a socially costly process. The microeconometric analysis of the determinants of individual mobility presented in the second part of the paper offers a first step to identifying the demographic, economic and social attributes which either aid or inhibit effective labour reallocation. The results obtained highlight a number of important differences in mobility behaviour across age, gender, educational attainment, occupational grouping and labour market experience, which will need to be taken into account in the formulation of active labour market policies to stimulate individual mobility

Adjustment costs, uncertainty and employment inertia

Los altos costes de despido en Europa han sido acusados insistentemente de la debil situacion del empleo. Sin embargo, las conclusiones que se extraen de la literatura relevante son algo ambiguas. Este trabajo analiza de nuevo el impacto de los costes de ajuste bajo incertidumbre. Se demuestra que la interaccion entre el nivel de los costes de ajuste y el tipo de incertidumbre puede tener importantes ramificaciones para la dinamica del empleo. En concreto, encontramos que el permitir la posibilidad de condiciones economicas transitorias aumenta considerablemente la persistencia del empleo. Concluimos el analisis con una serie de ejercicios de simulacion para ilustrar que el permitir cambios en el entorno economico en el que las empresas han venido operando en las ultimas dos decadas puede aumentar considerablemente nuestro entendimiento de la evolucion del empleo en Europa (ub) (mac

A comparative analysis of the aggregate matching process in France, Great Britain and Spain

El presente documento lleva a cabo un analisis comparativo del proceso de emparejamiento en Francia, Gran Bretaña y España, adoptando lo que en nuestra opinion es un enfoque mas sistematico de la modelizacion econometrica de esta funcion y utilizando un conjunto de datos mas fiable. En contraste con los trabajos existentes en esta area, aunque nuestros resultados avalan la existencia de una funcion de emparejamiento agregada en cada uno de los tres mercados laborales objeto de este estudio, no encontramos evidencia destacable de rendimientos constantes a escala en la funcion de emparejamiento, que es la hipotesis habitual en la investigacion teorica. Esta funcion manifiesta, mas bien, rendimientos crecientes tanto en Gran Bretaña como en España y decrecientes en Francia. Mas importante aun, varios de nuestros resultados tenderian a poner en entredicho la convenciencia de la especificacion habitual dentro de un contexto europeo. (ulb) (mac

Engaging Communities in their Heritage: Collaboration between Higher Education and the Voluntary Sector in Wales and Ireland

The paper focuses on an Interreg funded pilot project entitled ‘Heritage and Culture for Learning, Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism’.  The project was a collaborative development between a Higher Education Institution in Wales and a Voluntary Sector Organisation in Ireland and adopted an innovative approach to engaging communities in their heritage.  The central aim of the project was to develop and promote joint opportunities for the creation of sustainable tourism products which build on the natural assets (people and landscape), built assets, culture and heritage of the Wales Ireland cross border region.  In practice this was achieved through an innovative approach combining research, lifelong learning, higher level skills development, networking, marketing and business development through active engagement of local communities. The pilot project ended in July 2013, and the focus of this presentation is an evaluation of the project outcomes and experiences.Le document met l'accent sur un projet pilote financé par Interreg intitulé «Patrimoine et Culture pour l'apprentissage, autonomisation et tourisme durable ». Le projet a été l’aboutissement d’un travail collaboratif entre un établissement d'enseignement supérieur au Pays de Galles et un organisme du secteur bénévole en Irlande et a adopté une approche novatrice de l'engagement des communautés dans leur patrimoine. L'objectif central du projet était de développer et de promouvoir les possibilités communes de collaboration pour la création de produits de tourisme durable qui s'appuient sur les ressources naturelles (personnes et paysage), de patrimoine bâti, de la culture et du patrimoine de la région transfrontalière du Pays de Galles-Irlande. Dans la pratique, cela a été réalisé grâce à une approche innovante combinant la recherche, la formation continue, le développement des compétences de plus haut niveau, le réseautage, le marketing et le développement des entreprises grâce à l'engagement actif des communautés locales. Le projet pilote a pris fin en Juillet 2013, et la mise au point de cette présentation est une évaluation des résultats et des expériences du projet.يركز هذا البحث على مشروع تجريبي مموَّل من طرف برنامج التعاون الأوروبي العابر للحدود (Interreg) بعنوان: "التراث والثقافة من أجل التعلم، التمكين و السياحة المستدامة." اعتمد المشروع على عمل تعاوني بين معهد التعليم العالي ببلاد الغال و منظمة تابعة للقطاع التطوُّعي بإيرلندا معتمدين على مقاربة مجددة لإشراك المجتمعات في تراثها.كان الهدف الرئيسي من المشروع هو تطوير وتعزيز الفرص المشتركة لخلق منتجات سياحية مستدامة، والتي تعتمد على الثروات الطبيعية (أشخاص ومناظر طبيعية)، التراث المعماري بالإضافة إلى الثقافة والتراث في المنطقة الحدودية بين بلاد الغال وإيرلندا. عمليا، تحقق ذلك من خلال مقاربة مبتكرة جمعت بين البحث، والتعلم المتواصل، وتنمية المهارات على أعلى مستوى، والربط الشبكي، والتسويق وتطوير الأعمال من خلال المشاركة الفعالة للمجتمعات المحلية. انتهى المشروع التجريبي في جويلية2013، ويركز هذا العرض على تقييم نتائجه والخبرات المستفادة منه

Identifying Labour Market Dynamics Using Labour Force Survey Data

This paper evaluates the appropriateness of the standard methodologies and the quality of the data frequently used to analyse labour market dynamics in Europe. Our results indicate that, due to recall error and heterogeneous survey design, the retrospective approach tends to result in a considerable number of spurious transitions being recorded. Whilst the use of quasi-longitudinal data should overcome such problems, sample attrition and more importantly, misclassification error, is shown to result in significant over-reporting of transitions. Studies which failure to allow for the error structure of the underlying data are therefore, likely to be subject to considerable bias

A co/autoethnography of peer support and PhDs: being, doing, and sharing in academia

As doctoral students, we were well aware of the social, cultural, and economic isolation experienced by many students working towards a PhD. In this paper, we provide an account of an informal peer support model that assisted us to successfully complete our PhDs. We used co/autoethnography to write into each other’s story, seeking to improve our research practice through creative reflection. Data included over 215 emails generated through our “weekly check-ins” during our PhDs, for a period of over 18 months. Following the iterative nature of co/autoethnography, we generated further data through collaborative analysis and reflexive, creative writing. Analysis involved each of us conducting inductive analysis of the data separately, followed by a collaborative process of checking and co-identifying themes, and collaborative writing of the co/ autoethnography. We identified three major themes in the data: Being an Academic, Doing Academia, and Sharing in Academia. We continue to transform through the co/autoethnography and lay bare our experience of peer support for the purpose of supporting others undertaking a PhD, including ways to approach writing (or support writing), and ways to navigate the corporate university setting

Healthcare provider knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in North America: a systematic review

The aim of this review was to identify empirically supported barriers and facilitators for prescribing opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (CNCP) through a systematic review of qualitative literature. Six databases were searched from inception to June 3, 2019 for qualitative studies reporting on provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or practices pertaining to prescribing opioids for CNCP in North America. Data were extracted, risk of bias rated, and confidence in evidence graded using Cochrane Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual). Constructs identified were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Twenty-six studies reporting on 599 healthcare providers were included. Fourteen constructs were identified as barriers or facilitators to prescribing opioids for CNCP that fell within seven domains. Domains and constructs identified as barriers included: (1) Environmental Context, (a) patient-related salient events (e.g., overdose), (b) provider-related salient events (e.g., threat by patient), and (c) time constraints; (2) Emotion, (a) concerns over problematic use, addiction, dependence, tolerance, and side effects, and (b) regulatory scrutiny; (3) Knowledge; (4) Beliefs About Consequences; and (5) Beliefs About Capabilities. Domains and constructs identified as facilitators included: (1) Environmental Context, (a) lack of available non-opioid alternatives, and (b) institutional pressure; (2) Social Influences, (a) patient-provider relationship, and (b) patient-provider communication; (3) Goals; and (4) Knowledge on opioid prescribing tools. Understanding the barriers and facilitators that influence opioid-prescribing offers important insight into modifiable targets for interventions that can support providers in delivering care consistent with guidelines to manage CNCP, while minimizing risks