Effects of branched chain amino acids on sow and litter performance

Three hundred-six sows were used to evaluate effects of the interrelationship among valine, isoleucine, and leucine on sow and litter performance. Eight dietary treatments were arranged as a 2x2x2 factorial with two levels of valine (.80 and 1.20%), isoleucine (.68 and 1.08%), and leucine (1.57 and 1.97%). Litter weaning weight, litter weight gain from d 2 to weaning, and sow backfat loss increased as dietary valine increased but were not affected by dietary isoleucine or leucine. Increasing dietary valine, isoleucine, or leucine did not affect milk fat, DM, CP, or lactose. These results confirm the importance of dietary valine for increased litter weaning weight, independent of either additional dietary isoleucine or leucine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 199

Effects of branched chain amino acids on sow and litter performance

Three hundred-six sows were used to evaluate effects of the interrelationship among valine, isoleucine, and leucine on sow and litter performance. Eight dietary treatments were arranged as a 2x2x2 factorial with two levels of valine (.80 and 1.20%), isoleucine (.68 and 1.08%), and leucine (1.57 and 1.97%). Litter weaning weight, litter weight gain from d 2 to weaning, and sow backfat loss increased as dietary valine increased but were not affected by dietary isoleucine or leucine. Increasing dietary valine, isoleucine, or leucine did not affect milk fat, DM, CP, or lactose. These results confirm the importance of dietary valine for increased litter weaning weight, independent of either additional dietary isoleucine or leucine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 199

Effects of different specialty protein sources on growth performance of starter pigs

Two hundred and ten weanling pigs were fed diets containing either soybean meal, spray-dried blood meal, spray-dried red blood cells, select menhaden fish meal, or synthetic amino acids. From d 0 to 7 postweaning, pigs fed either spray-dried whole blood meal or red blood cells had greater ADG and ADFI than pigs fed select menhaden fish meal or added synthetic amino acids. However, from d °to 14 and 0 to 21, no differences in growth performance occurred among pigs fed the various protein sources. However, pigs fed added synthetic amino acids had poorer ADG compared with the mean for pigs fed the other protein sources.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

First Observations of Long-Lived Meteor Trains with Resonance Lidar and Other Optical Instruments

In November 1998 the earth passed through a maximum in the cometary material responsible for the yearly Leonids meteor shower. The meteor storm event produced numerous examples of long-lived chemiluminescent trails--visible to the naked eye over New Mexico, where a major observation campaign was centered. One trail was detected for over an hour with a CCD camera employing a narrow sodium filter, and many others were observed for over ten minutes each. For the first time, sodium densities in such trails were measured while also being imaged in sodium light. We have verified one source of long-lived light emissions--a sodium-catalyzed reaction involving ozone--but it is far too weak to explain the visibility of such trails. In addition, we present a new explanation for the cylindrical shell appearance long reported for chemiluminescent trails and show that ozone depletion by chemical processes is a possible explanation for this phenomenon

An evaluation of several diet acidifiers commonly utilized in pig starter diets to improve growth performance

Early-weaned pigs (weaned at 14 d of age) that are managed in a conventional one-site production system and fed a complex segregated early-weaning diet will benefit from the inclusion of a diet acidifier during the first week. However, the data indicate no benefit from including a diet acidifier in semicomplex diets fed during subsequent growth phases.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

Stability of commercial phytase products under increasing thermal conditioning temperatures

Citation: De Jong, J. A., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Goodband, R. D., Woodworth, J. C., Jones, C. K., . . . Bergstrom, J. R. (2016). Stability of commercial phytase products under increasing thermal conditioning temperatures. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 101-101. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-214The objective was to determine the stability of 4 commercial phytase products exposed to increasing thermal conditioning temperatures. The 4 commercial products used were: Quantum Blue 5G (AB Vista, Marlborough, United Kingdom); Ronozyme Hi Phos GT (DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Microtech 5000 Plus (Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China). The phytase products were mixed as part of a corn-soybean meal-based swine diet at a concentration recommended by the manufacturer to provide a 0.12% aP release. Diets were exposed to each of 4 thermal conditioning temperatures (65, 75, 85, and 95°C) for approximately 40 s and the entire process was repeated on 4 consecutive days to create 4 replicates. Samples were taken while feed exited the conditioner and before entering the pellet die. Phytase activity was determined from complete feed samples before conditioning to establish a baseline diet phytase activity level for each product. Phytase stability was measured as the residual phytase activity (% of initial) at each conditioning temperature. There were no product × temperature interactions for conditioning temperature, throughput, or residual phytase activity. As expected, as the target temperature was increased, conditioning temperature increased (linear, P < 0.001) and conditioner throughput decreased (linear, P < 0.001). As target temperature increased, phytase activity decreased (linear, P < 0.001) for each product. There was a significant phytase product main effect which was primarily caused by Microtech 5000 Plus having decreased (P < 0.05) phytase activity when compared to all other products at all conditioning temperatures. In summary, increasing conditioning temperatures decreased phytase stability regardless of product. In addition, Microtech 5000 Plus had decreased residual phytase activity (% of initial) when compared to all other products

Determining the optimal threonine:lysine ratio for the 25 to 50 lb pig

A 21-day growth trial was conducted to determine the threonine: lysine ratio necessary to optimize growth performance of the 25 to 50 Ib pig reared in a high-health, segregated early-weaning (SEW) system. Ten experimental diets, including two levels of lysine (.75% and 1.10% apparent digestible lysine) and five apparent digestible threonine:lysine ratios (40, 47.5, 55, 62.5, and 70%), were used in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement. Growth performance was improved by feeding 1.10% rather than.75% digestible lysine. Also, results indicated that the apparent digestible threonine requirement for the SEW:-reared, 25 to 50 lb pig is approximately 55% of digestible lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

The effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics

Eighty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding fat to corn-soybean meal diets with a constant calorie: lysine ratio to increase the energy density during the growing phase (98 to 160 lb) improved feed efficiency with no influence on growth rate. However, increasing the energy content of the diet by adding fat had no benefit during the finishing phase (160 to 233 lb).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

Performance of weanling pigs fed diets containing various lactose sources

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing the lactose provided by dried whey in the phase II diet with either deproteinized whey or an alternative lactose source, DairyLac 80®. No differences in performance observed among pigs fed diets containing 10% dried whey or deproteinized whey or DairyLac 80®. These trials indicate that deproteinized whey and DairyLac 80® can be used to replace the lactose contained in dried whey for starter pig diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

The effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics

Eighty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding fat to corn-soybean meal diets with a constant calorie: lysine ratio to increase the energy density during the growing phase (98 to 160 lb) improved feed efficiency with no influence on growth rate. However, increasing the energy content of the diet by adding fat had no benefit during the finishing phase (160 to 233 lb).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199