Biharmonic Riemannian submersions from 3-manifolds

An important theorem about biharmonic submanifolds proved independently by Chen-Ishikawa [CI] and Jiang [Ji] states that an isometric immersion of a surface into 3-dimensional Euclidean space is biharmonic if and only if it is harmonic (i.e, minimal). In a later paper [CMO2], Cadeo-Monttaldo-Oniciuc shown that the theorem remains true if the target Euclidean space is replaced by a 3-dimensional hyperbolic space form. In this paper, we prove the dual results for Riemannian submersions, i.e., a Riemannian submersion from a 3-dimensional space form of non-positive curvature into a surface is biharmonic if and only if it is harmonic

Biharmonic PNMC Submanifolds in Spheres

We obtain several rigidity results for biharmonic submanifolds in $\mathbb{S}^{n}$ with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field. We classify biharmonic submanifolds in $\mathbb{S}^{n}$ with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field and with at most two distinct principal curvatures. In particular, we determine all biharmonic surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field in $\mathbb{S}^n$. Then we investigate, for (not necessarily compact) proper biharmonic submanifolds in $\mathbb{S}^n$, their type in the sense of B-Y. Chen. We prove: (i) a proper biharmonic submanifold in $\mathbb{S}^n$ is of 1-type or 2-type if and only if it has constant mean curvature {\mcf}=1 or {\mcf}\in(0,1), respectively; (ii) there are no proper biharmonic 3-type submanifolds with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field in $\mathbb{S}^n$.Comment: 17 page

Structural Analysis and Active strain-field for Induced Seismicity in gas storage facilities: Hontomin study-case (SPAIN)

La determinación de las fallas capaces de disparar terremotos en zonas adyacentes con formaciones geológicas aptas para el almacenamiento profundo de gas, es una tarea que mitiga la ocurrencia de sismicidad inducida por operaciones subterráneas y movimiento de fluidos. Para ello, la determinación del campo de esfuerzos/deformación tectónicos activo ayuda a entender los patrones tridimensionales de fracturación cartografiados no solo en la zona, sino también en la propia roca almacén. Por este motivo, se presenta un protocolo de trabajo para la obtención del campo de deformación (σHmax, σhmin) que ayude a entender el papel de cada conjunto de fallas cartografiado. Para ello, aplicamos el Análisis Poblacional de fallas en dos zonas de influencia: 1) Campo cercano: 10 km de diámetro del almacenamiento y 2) Campo Lejano: 20 km de diámetro. Sobre estas zonas calculamos las trayectorias de deformación y llevamos a cabo una cartografía sistemática de fallas. Se presentan los resultados preliminares de Hontomín.The cartography of seismogenic active faults in adjacent areas of underground gas storage helps in the management for Induced Seismicity related to deep fluid movement and injection/extraction manoeuvres. In this sense, the determination of the Active Stress field into the area allows the understanding of the 3D fracture patterns and their role in earthquake occurrence. We introduce a protocol for study active tectonic stress by using the classical Structural Analysis based on brittle techniques. Accordingly, we have defined two different areas for studying: (1) Near field, 10 km of diameter from the Storage Site and (2) Far Field, 20 km diameter. Preliminary results for Hontomin site are presented.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEUnión Europea. Horizonte 2020pu

Influence of Cytokines on HIV-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activation Profile of Natural Killer Cells

There is growing interest in HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as an effective immune response to prevent or control HIV infection. ADCC relies on innate immune effector cells, particularly NK cells, to mediate control of virus-infected cells. The activation of NK cells (i.e., expression of cytokines and/or degranulation) by ADCC antibodies in serum is likely subject to the influence of other factors that are also present. We observed that the HIV-specific ADCC antibodies, within serum samples from a panel of HIV-infected individuals induced divergent activation profiles of NK cells from the same donor. Some serum samples primarily induced NK cell cytokine expression (i.e., IFNγ), some primarily initiated NK cell expression of a degranulation marker (CD107a) and others initiated a similar magnitude of responses across both effector functions. We therefore evaluated a number of HIV-relevant soluble factors for their influence on the activation of NK cells by HIV-specific ADCC antibodies. Key findings were that the cytokines IL-15 and IL-10 consistently enhanced the ability of NK cells to respond to HIV-specific ADCC antibodies. Furthermore, IL-15 was demonstrated to potently activate “educated” KIR3DL1+ NK cells from individuals carrying its HLA-Bw4 ligand. The cytokine was also demonstrated to activate “uneducated” KIR3DL1+ NK cells from HLA-Bw6 homozygotes, but to a lesser extent. Our results show that cytokines influence the ability of NK cells to respond to ADCC antibodies in vitro. Manipulating the immunological environment to enhance the potency of NK cell-mediated HIV-specific ADCC effector functions could be a promising immunotherapy or vaccine strategy

Aplicación del análisis estructural y campos de deformación para el estudio de sismicidad inducida en almacenamiento profundo: Hontomín.

Reunión Ibérica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismología (3ª. 2018. Alicante). - Texto en inglés con resumen y palabras claves en inglés y españolLa determinación de las fallas capaces de disparar terremotos en zonas adyacentes con formaciones geológicas aptas para el almacenamiento profundo de gas, es una tarea que mitiga la ocurrencia de sismicidad inducida por operaciones subterráneas y movimiento de fluidos. Para ello, la determinación del campo de esfuerzos/deformación tectónicos activo ayuda a entender los patrones tridimensionales de fracturación cartografiados no solo en la zona, sino también en la propia roca almacén. Por este motivo, se presenta un protocolo de trabajo para la obtención del campo de deformación (σHmax, σhmin) que ayude a entender el papel de cada conjunto de fallas cartografiado. Para ello, aplicamos el Análisis Poblacional de fallas en dos zonas de influencia: 1) Campo cercano: 10 km de diámetro del almacenamiento y 2) Campo Lejano: 20 km de diámetro. Sobre estas zonas calculamos las trayectorias de deformación y llevamos a cabo una cartografía sistemática de fallas. Se presentan los resultados preliminares de Hontomín. = The cartography of seismogenic active faults in adjacent areas of underground gas storage helps in the management for Induced Seismicity related to deep fluid movement and injection/extraction manoeuvres. In this sense, the determination of the Active Stress field into the area allows the understanding of the 3D fracture patterns and their role in earthquake occurrence. We introduce a protocol for study active tectonic stress by using the classical Structural Analysis based on brittle techniques. Accordingly, we have defined two different areas for studying: (1) Near field, 10 km of diameter from the Storage Site and (2) Far Field, 20 km diameter. Preliminary results for Hontomin site are presented.Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaDepartamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, EspañaHotomín C02: Fundación Ciudad de la Energía, Españ