Application Of Multivariate Statistical Methods To Surface Water And Groundwater Of The Soummam Basin, Algeria

Multivariate statistical methods, i.e., cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used to assess spatial variation in the water quality of the Soummam basin, Algeria. The application of hierarchical cluster analysis, based on all possible combinations of classification method, showed three main groups of samples. The group 1 samples are exclusively composed of surface water. Groups 2 and 3 samples are consisted of groundwater. Discriminant analysis (DA) was assigned about 98.6% of the cases grouped by CA. All groups are super-saturation with Ca-montmorillonite, dolomite, gibbsite, K-mica, kaolinite and quartz, and all these groups are under-saturation with albite, anhydrite, anorthite, CO2(g), gypsum, halite, melanterite and smithsonite. The ANOVA results indicate that the saturation indices of each of the mineral phases are significantly except chalcedony and quartz (p \u3e 0.05)

Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Groundwater: A Case Study of the South of Setif Area, East Algeria

Heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed and their sources and impacts were identified using multivariate statistical tools and risk assessment. Three significant factors were extracted by factor analysis (FA), explaining 75.69% of total variance. These factors were in turn described by the clusters C3, C2 and C1, respectively, resulting from the cluster analysis (CA). Factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed significant anthropogenic contributions and water-rock interaction effects of the metals in groundwater. The mean values of heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination (Cdeg) indices indicated that the groundwater samples were contaminated with high degree of pollution by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The hazard quotients (via ingestion) of Cd and Pb were found to be higher than the safe limits, posing threat to the consumers. However, no risk related to the dermal contact was associated with the measured metal levels

Suitability and Assessment of Surface Water for Irrigation Purpose

Surface water is an important resource that can create tensions between different countries sharing the same water sources to know that the agriculture is considered as the last sector that exploits less water compared to the industry which uses very large water quantities. The future strategies of agricultural development in the most of these countries depend on the ability to maintain, improve and expand irrigated agriculture. In this light, this chapter is written in the way to show some steps of the evaluation of surface water for irrigation purpose. The results obtained from this research make it possible to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation and to draw useful recommendations for dam managers and farmers

Monometal and competitive sorption of heavy metals in mine soils: Influence of mine soil characteristics

pas de DOI / http://www.researchgate.net/publication/236158313International audienceThe environmental and health effects of the contamination of soils by heavy metals depend on the ability of the soils to immobilize these contaminants. This study was conducted to assess the monometallic and competitive sorption of lead, copper, zinc and cadmiumin surface samples of four soils from eastern Algeria. Sorption isotherms were characterized using Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Retention selectivity sequences indicate that, inmost of the soils, Pb is the preferred retainedmetal, followed by Cu. The last metals in these sequences are Cd and Zn.All soils showed greater sorption capacity. On the basis of distribution coefficient values for the metal concentration of 100 mg. l-1 (Kd100) for each soil and trace element, the two most common adsorption sequences found were Pb>>Cu>Cd>Zn and Pb>>Cu>Zn>Cd. Competition significantly reduced metal Kd, especially that of Cd

Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon developed from Apricot stone

International audienceLow-cost activated carbon was prepared from Apricot stone material by chemical activation with sulphuric acid for the adsorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capacity to adsorb Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include physical and chemical properties of adsorbent, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentrations. The percent removal increased with pH from 1.5 to 5. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 6.0. Adsorption kinetics data were modeled using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. The results indicate that the second-order model best describes adsorption kinetic data. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The estimatedmaximum capacities of lead ions adsorbed by Apricot stone activated with sulphuric acid were 21.38 mg g−1. The adsorbent derived from this material is expected to be an economical product for metal ion remediation from water and wastewate

Removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from the aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from Dates stone

International audienceThe low-cost activated carbon prepared from Date stone, an agricultural solid waste by-product, were prepared by chemical activation with sulphuric acid for the removal of lead and zinc from aqueous solutions has been studied as a function of pH, contact time, metal concentrations and adsorbent concentrations. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after an equilibration time of 60 min and adsorption kinetics data were tested using Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order, the studies showed the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order rate model. The maximum removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ is observed at pH 6.0 (94.4%) and 7.0 (93.2%) respectively at initial concentration 20 mg/L. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption capacity q max) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 19.64 mg Pb2+/g and 10.41 mg Zn2+/g at an initial pH of 6.0 at 20 ± 2°C

Degradation of methyl orange using hydrodynamic Cavitation, H2O2, and photo-catalysis with TiO2-Coated glass Fibers: Key operating parameters and synergistic effects

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are eco-friendly, and promising technology for treating dye containing wastewater. This study focuses on investigating the removal of methyl orange (MO), an azo dye, from a synthetic wastewater through the use of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), both independently and in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an external oxidant, as well as photocatalysis (PC) employing catalyst coated on glass fibers tissue (GFT). The examination of various operating parameters, including the pressure drop and the concentration of H2O2, was systematically conducted to optimize the degradation of MO. A per-pass degradation model was used to interpret and describe the experimental data. The data revealed that exclusive employment of HC using a vortex-based cavitation device at 1.5 bar pressure drop, resulted in a degradation exceeding 96 % after 100 passes, equivalent to 230 min of treatment (cavitation yield of 3.6 mg/kJ for HC), with a COD mineralization surpassing 12 %. The presence of a small amount of H2O2 (0.01 %) significantly reduced the degradation time from 230 min to 36 min (16 passes), achieving a degradation of 99.8 % (cavitation yield of 6.77 mg/kJ for HC) with COD mineralization rate twice as much as HC alone, indicating a synergistic effect of 4.8. The degradation time was further reduced to 21 min by combining HC with PC using TiO2-coated glass fibers and H2O2, (cavitation yield of 11.83 mg/kJ for HC), resulting in an impressive synergistic effect of 9.2 and COD mineralization twice as high as the HC/H2O2 system. The results demonstrate that HC based hybrid AOPs can be very effective for treating and mineralizing azo dyes in water

Chemical associations and sorption capacity of Pb and Zn: Column experiments on a polluted soil from the Amizour mining district (Algeria)

International audienceThe column leaching behavior of lead and zinc is studied on a soil sample from the Amizour-Bejaia mining region, which is one of Algeria's largest natural reserves for Pb and Zn ores. The maximum amount of metal bound to the soil sample after column leaching by a mono-metal solution at pH 7 is 7.0 and 11.3 g/kg for Zn and Pb, respectively. These values exceed the maximum loading capacities derived from previous batch experiments conducted under similar conditions. The studied soil sample displays a stronger affinity for Pb than Zn under the study conditions. These two metals are associated with various chemical fractions of the mine soil sample, as revealed by a five-step, operationally-defined sequential chemical extraction procedure (with fractions categorized as: exchangeable, acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) following column leaching. After metal addition and sorption, carbonates (i.e. the extractable fraction) and Fe- and/or Mn- (oxy)(hydr)oxide phases (reducible fraction) in the soil sample dominate for both Pb and Zn. The extractable fraction is mainly reserved for the purpose of zinc retention; moreover, the stabilization with Fe-Mn (oxy)(hydr)oxide phases serves as a major carrier for Pb

A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of a toxic water disinfection by-product, N-nitrosomethylethylamine

International audienceRecently, among the emerging contaminants, N-nitrosomethylethylamine has become of special concern because it is a potent human mutagenic and carcinogenic contaminant detected in chlorinated or chloraminated drinking waters and wastewaters. In this work a sensitive and robust method, which was based on solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, was developed for the determination of N-nitrosomethylethylamine in water at ultra-trace levels. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column. Quantification of N-nitrosomethylethylamine was achieved by using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer that was equipped with an electrospray interface and was operated in positive ionization mode. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 0.1 to 100 μg L−1 (r2 ≥ 0.999). The precision of the intra- and inter-day values was found to be less than 2.5%, and the accuracy of the method was within ±3%. Moreover, an extraction efficiency greater than 86% was obtained at different concentration levels with relative standard deviation, RSD < 4.2%. Therefore, the experimental results showed that the proposed analytical method can be used successfully to determine N-nitrosomethylethylamine at ultra-trace levels (ng L−1) in aqueous samples