Ego psychology as a framework for casework treatment with patients diagnosed personality trait disturbances

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Verbal working memory modulates afferent circuits in motor cortex

Verbal instruction and strategies informed by declarative memory are key to performance and acquisition of skilled actions. We previously demonstrated that anatomically distinct sensory–motor inputs converging on the corticospinal neurons of motor cortex are differentially sensitive to visual attention load. However, how loading of working memory shapes afferent input to motor cortex is unknown. This study used short‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to probe the effect of verbal working memory upon anatomically distinct afferent circuits converging on corticospinal neurons in the motor cortex. SAI was elicited by preceding a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulus (TMS) with electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist while participants mentally rehearsed a two‐ or six‐digit numeric memory set. To isolate different afferent intracortical circuits in motor cortex SAI was elicited, using TMS involving posterior–anterior (PA) or anterior–posterior (AP) monophasic current. Both PA and AP SAI were significantly reduced during maintenance of the six‐digit compared to two‐digit memory set. The generalized effect of working memory across anatomically distinct circuits converging upon corticospinal neurons in motor cortex is in contrast to the specific sensitivity of AP SAI to increased attention load. The common response across the PA and AP SAI circuits to increased working memory load may reflect an indiscriminate perisomatic mechanism involved in the voluntary facilitation of desired and/or suppression of unwanted actions during action selection or response conflict.Increasing the set size of digits to be maintained in working memory significantly reduced short‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in anatomically distinct circuits recruited by posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) transcranial magnetic stimulating (TMS) current. Loading of working memory decreases sensory afferent input across multiple intracortical circuits that converge upon corticospinal neurons in motor cortex.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146615/1/ejn14154.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146615/2/ejn14154_am.pd

Modeling Multilevel Structures of Information Technology Acceptance: An Investigation of Group Level Effects on Individual Usage of Web-Based Systems

Despite the sizable and continually increasing amount of investment in information technology (IT), IT often falls short of realizing its expected benefits due to inadequate user acceptance. Understanding the key factors that facilitate user acceptance of IT is an issue that has considerable practical implications. While much research effort has been directed to investigating the effects of various variables operating at the individual level, little effort has been made to modeling and assessing the effects of group level variables on individual usage behavior. Our study addresses this issue by proposing a multilevel model composed of individual level variables and group level variables, integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model with Resource-Based Theory. Research hypotheses derived from this integrative model will be empirically validated in a field study setting involving college students who use a Web-based system over a 12-week period. The proposed model will be tested using a hierarchical linear modeling approach, which is specifically designed to examine multilevel data structures. The findings are expected to provide important insights into the dynamic interplay between individual level variables and group level variables and their joint effects on individual acceptance of IT

Examining the Influence of Time-Use Preferences on Technology Acceptance: The Role of Computer Polychronicity

Past research recognizes the important influence of individual beliefs on technology acceptance and use. This line of research has also identified a variety of factors that drive the formation of these beliefs. One category of variables that has not received much attention in this research stream consists of individual preferences, in particular time-use preferences. In the current study we add to the literature on technology acceptance, and belief formation in particular, by introducing and empirically testing a new construct labeled computer polychronicity, which captures individuals’ time-use preferences regarding IT. Computer polychronicity is positioned in this study as a key driver of perceived usefulness, mediating the effects of computer anxiety and computer playfulness. Overall, the results support the notion that preferences play important roles in the formation of technology-related beliefs

PENERAPAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN KELOMPOK TANI JAGUNG DI DESA LEMBEAN

The purposes of this research are: (1) To Identify Application of Management Function of Maize Farmer Group in Lembean Village and (2) Analyze Application of Management Function of MaizeFarmer Group In Lembean Village. This research was conducted for 5 months from February to June 2017 and located in Lembean Village, Sub-district Kauditan, North Minahasa Regenct, North Sulawesi Province. The data used in this research is Primary and Secondary data. Primary data obtained through observation in the field and directly interviews. Interviews were conducted with farmer groups related to farmer group activities to find out the description of the implementation of management functionsundertaken by farmer groups. In addition, researchers also conducted interviews with maize farmers and collectors to determine the current condition of maize prices and the flow of maize seeds from farmers tosuppliers. Secondary data is obtained from relevant literature, as well as documents and reports ownedby farmer groups and related agencies. This study focuses on the management of material flow as well asthe flow of information from the implementation of the management function of maize farmer groups inLembean. The results of the observations and interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method.The result of the research shows that the implementation of the management function in the maizefarming group in the sub-district of Kauditan, with management functions measured and obtained inLembean maize farmer group, Tumaratak maize farmer group and maize farming group Waleposanimplementation of management function on the implementation and evaluation well in research this is invery high category whereas for the Implementation of Management Function Planning And FunctionManagement Monitoring is on high category, on the three groups of maize farmers in Lembean village

Acculturation Orientations towards ‘Valued’ and ‘Devalued’ Immigrants in South Korea

This study, based on the Interactive Acculturation Model, investigates the acculturation orientations of undergraduates (n=279) in South Korea. Results show that Korean respondents considered South-East Asian immigrants to be less valued than Western immigrants. They were more welcoming towards ‘valued’ Western immigrants than they were towards ‘devalued’ South-East Asian immigrants. As in the case of undergraduates in North America & Europe, Korean undergraduates mainly endorsed integration and individualism towards both Western and South-East Asian immigrants, but they also strongly endorsed the segregationist orientations towards both ‘valued’ and ‘devalued’ immigrants reflecting the still contentious view of Korea as an immigration country

Women\u27s Evaluations of and Affective Reactions to Mainstream Violent Pornography, Nonviolent Pornography, and Erotica

Women\u27s reactions to three types of sexually explicit materials were examined. Ninety-six female undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring previous exposure to pornography, past history of coercive sexual experiences, attitudes toward feminism, hostility toward men, adversarial sexual beliefs, and rape myth acceptance. They were then randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) erotica, (b) nonviolent pornography (c) violent pornography, and (d) control. They viewed 50 slides during each of two 30-minute sessions, complete a measure of mood disturbance, and evaluate each slide. The erotica was evaluated positively, while the pornography was evaluated negatively, and the violent pornography was evaluated more negatively than the other three conditions. Mood disturbance increased significantly from pre- to post exposure in the violent and nonviolent pornography conditions only. In addition, women with past coercive sexual experiences evaluated pornography more negatively and erotica more positively than women who had no such experience

Nineteenth-Century Popular Science Magazines, Narrative, and the Problem of Historical Materiality

In his Some Reminiscences of a Lecturer, Andrew Wilson emphasizes the importance of narrative to popular science lecturing. Although Wilson promotes the teaching of science as useful knowledge in its own right, he also recognizes that the way science is taught can encourage audiences to take the subject up and read further on their own. Form, according to Wilson, should not be divorced from scientific content and lecturers should ensure that not only is their science accurate, but that it is presented in a way that will provoke curiosity and stimulate interest. This paper discusses the influence of narrative in structuring scientific objects and phenomena, and considers the consequences of such presentations for historical research. As scientific journalism necessarily weaves both its intended audience and the objects under discussion into its accounts, these texts demand that we recognize their nature as social relationships inscribed in historical objects

Tracking transplanted bone marrow stem cells and their effects in the rat MCAO stroke model.

In this study, rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were tracked after IV administration to rats with experimental stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the effects of BMSC treatment on blood cell composition, brain glia and sensorimotor behavior was studied and compared to that which occurred spontaneously during the normal recovery process after stroke. We found that the vast majority of radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled BMSCs traveled to and remained in peripheral organs (lungs, spleen, liver) 3 days after IV injection in the MCAO rat. Once in the circulation, BMSCs also produced rapid alterations in host blood cell composition, increasing both neutrophil and total white blood cell count by 6 hours post-injection. In contrast, few injected BMSCs traveled to the brain and almost none endured there long term. Nonetheless, BMSC treatment produced dramatic changes in the number and activation of brain astroglia and microglia, particularly in the region of the infarct. These cellular changes were correlated with a marked improvement in performance on tests of sensory and motor function as compared to the partial recovery of function seen in PBS-injected control rats. We conclude that the notable recovery in function observed after systemic administration of BMSCs to MCAO rats is likely due to the cellular changes in blood and/or brain cell number, activation state and their cytokine/growth factor products