Mempelajari Sifat Fisika Sol Karet Cetak Dengan Filler Cangkang Telur Ayam

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menpelajari sifat fisika sol karet cetak dengan filler cangkang telur ayam. Sifat fisika yang dipelajari meliputi kekerasan, tegangan putus, ketahanan sobek dan ketahanan kikis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 4 tahap yaitu pembuatan filler cangkang telur ayam, pembuatan sol karet cetak, pengujian sifat fisika dan penilaian secara visual. Perlakuan terdiri dari penggunaan cangkang telur ayam menggantikan filer karbon hitam meliputi perlakuan tanpa penggunaan cangkang telur ayam (A1), penggunaan filler cangkang telur ayam 15 Phr (B1), penggunaan filer cangkang telur ayam 30 Phr (C1) dan penggunaan filler cangkang telur ayam 45 Phr (D1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cangkang telur ayam dapat digunakan sebagai filler pada pembuatan sol karet cetak. Penggunaan filler cangkang telur ayam yang semakin meningkat menghasilkan sol karet cetak dengan kekerasan yang cenderung semakin menurun, tegangan putus yang semakin menurun, ketahanan sobek yang semakin menurun dan ketahanan kikis yang semakin meningkat. Secara fisual sol karet cetak yang dihasilkan dari filler cangkang telur ayam menghasilkan sol karet cetak yang baik (tidak cacat berupa sobek, lubang, lepuh, retak dan goresan)

Seeing Citrulline: Development of a Phenylglyoxal-Based Probe To Visualize Protein Citrullination

Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the hydrolysis of peptidyl arginine to form peptidyl citrulline. Abnormally high PAD activity is observed in a host of human diseases, but the exact role of protein citrullination in these diseases and the identities of specific citrullinated disease biomarkers remain unknown, largely because of the lack of readily available chemical probes to detect protein citrullination. For this reason, we developed a citrulline-specific chemical probe, rhodamine–phenylglyoxal (Rh–PG), which we show can be used to investigate protein citrullination. This methodology is superior to existing techniques because it possesses higher throughput and excellent sensitivity. Additionally, we demonstrate that this probe can be used to determine the kinetic parameters for a number of protein substrates, monitor drug efficacy, and identify disease biomarkers in an animal model of ulcerative colitis that displays aberrantly increased PAD activity

A Key Role of microRNA-29b for the Suppression of Colon Cancer Cell Migration by American Ginseng

<div><p>Metastasis of colon cancer cells increases the risk of colon cancer mortality. We have recently shown that American ginseng prevents colon cancer, and a Hexane extract of American Ginseng (HAG) has particularly potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression has been observed in several disease conditions including colon cancer. Using global miR expression profiling, we observed increased miR-29b in colon cancer cells following exposure to HAG. Since miR-29b plays a role in regulating the migration of cancer cells, we hypothesized that HAG induces miR-29b expression to target matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) thereby suppressing the migration of colon cancer cells. Results are consistent with this hypothesis. Our study supports the understanding that targeting MMP-2 by miR-29b is a mechanism by which HAG suppresses the migration of colon cancer cells.</p></div

Hexane fraction of American Ginseng (HAG) represses HCT116 colon cancer cell migration <i>in vitro.</i>

<p>Collagen type-I (15 µg/mL) coated transwell chamber were applied with 5×10⁴ HCT116 cells (A/B) for 12 h. The lower chamber contains SFM/Serum (10%) or HAG (260 µg/mL in complete medium). (A) 5×10⁴ HCT116 WT cells were applied to the upper chamber of the transwell membrane. (B) 5×10⁴ HCT116 (transfected with mirvana miR-29b, 10 nM, 48 h) cells were applied to the upper chamber of transwell membrane. After 12 h incubation at 37°C, the cells migrated to the inside (lower membrane) of transwell membrane was counted using ImageJ software (7 random microscopic fields (100X) were evaluated for cell counting). (C) Depicts the representative picture of HCT116 WT cell migration from each treatment. (D) Depicts the representative picture of HCT116 (transfected with mirvana miR-29b, 10 nM, 48 h) cell migration from each treatment. The background in the picture shows the 8 μm pore in the transwell membrane. *, indicates significant difference (pvalue <0.005) when compared to SFM. #, indicates significant difference (pvalue <0.005) when compared to 10% Serum.</p

Hexane fraction of American Ginseng (HAG) represses DLD-1 colon cancer cell migration <i>in vitro.</i>

<p>Collagen type-I (15 µg/mL) coated transwell chamber were applied with 5×10⁴ DLD-1 cells (A/B) for 12 h. The lower chamber contains SFM/Serum (10%) or HAG (260 µg/mL in complete medium). (A) 5×10⁴ DLD-1 WT cells were applied to the upper chamber of the transwell membrane. (B) 5×10⁴ DLD-1 (transfected with mirvana miR-29b, 10 nM, 48 h) cells were applied to the upper chamber of transwell membrane. After 12 h incubation at 37°C, the cells migrated to the inside (lower membrane) of transwell membrane was counted using ImageJ software (7 random microscopic fields (100X) were evaluated for cell counting). (C) Depicts the representative picture of DLD-1 WT cell migration from each treatment. (D) Depicts the representative picture of DLD-1 (transfected with mirvana miR-29b, 10 nM, 48h) cell migration from each treatment. The background in the picture shows the 8 μm pore in the transwell membrane. *, indicates significant difference (pvalue <0.005) when compared to SFM.</p

MicroRNA expression changes with exposure to HAG (260 μg/ml): Fold Change Analysis (Untreated Vs Treated).

*<p>, Indicates False Discovery Rate.</p

MicroRNA expression changes with exposure to HAG (260 μg/ml): Trend Change Analysis.

<p>MicroRNA expression changes with exposure to HAG (260 μg/ml): Trend Change Analysis.</p

Hexane fraction of American Ginseng (HAG) suppresses MMP-2 gene expression.

<p>(A) miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c) and its putative binding sequence in the 3'-UTR of MMP-2 gene. The seed sequence of miR-29 family is shown in the box. (B) HCT116 WT cells were exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. (C) HCT116 cells transfected with 10 nM of mirVANA miR-29b, 48 h and exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. (D) DLD-1 cells were exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. (E) DLD-1 cells transfected with 50 nM of mirVANA miR-29b, 48 h and exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. (F) LOVO cells were exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. (G) LOVO cells transfected with 50 nM of mirVANA miR-29b, 48 h and exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h. Relative MMP-2 expression level was detected by qRT-PCR. MMP-2 mRNA for each sample was normalized by GAPDH expression. Fold change in the MMP-2 mRNA level was relative of non-treated cells harvested at 0 h (n = 3 per time point). Results indicate the Hexane Fraction of AG suppresses MMP-2 mRNA level compared to the non-treated cells. *, Indicates significant difference, P value <0.05 from 0 h control.</p

miRNA-29b expression increases in colon cancer cells after exposure to Hexane fraction of American Ginseng (HAG).

<p>HCT 116, DLD-1, and LOVO cells were exposed to 260 µg/mL HAG for 24 h (n = 3 per time point). Relative endogenous miR-29b expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR using Taqman primers and probes to detect mature miR-29b and the small nuclear RNA RNU6B (U6), an internal control. Relative miR-29b expression levels were normalized to the average value of the non-treated samples (0 h). *, indicates significant difference (pvalue <0.005) from the 0 h control.</p

Percentage of HCT 116 cells in G1, S and G2 following miRNA-16 knockdown and exposure to Cl-amidine (50 µg/ml) (A) or miRNA-16 mimic transfection (B).

*<p>, indicates significant increase in the number of cells in G1 phase.</p