Viabilidade e germinação do pólen de linhagens parentais de cebola híbrida

Experiments were conducted in Igarapé, MG, Brazil, on hybrid onion culture, and in Viçosa, MG, to investigate the fertility of parental lines of hybrid onion. Pollen viability was tested by contrast with acetic carmine. The germinate capacity was studied in the following culture media: a) saccharose 5% solution; b) saccharose 10% solution; c) 50 ppm solution of boric acid + 0.5 g of agar + 10 g of saccharose. The germinated pollen formed a contrast with "azul-de-amã". Lipids were observed in the presence of sudam IV. The production of hydrid seeds per flower under conditions of natural and artificial polinization was evaluated. By the acetic carmine test, the pollen showed to be viable, but did not germinate adequately in culture medium. There are factors which interfer negatively with its fertility. In the field, pollen germination in the stigma of the sterile male lines was satisfactory. The presence of lipids in the pollen and in the stigma showed the importance of the action of insect pollinators in this flowering.Experimentos foram conduzidos em Igarapé, MG, em campo de produção de cebola híbrida (Allium cepa L.), e em Viçosa, MG, com o objetivo de investigar a fertilidade de linhagens parentais de cebola híbrida. A viabilidade do pólen foi testada pelo contraste com carmim acético. A capacidade germinativa foi estudada nos seguintes meios de cultura: a) solução de sacarose a 5%; b) solução de sacarose a 10%; c) solução com 50 ppm de ácido bórico + 0,5 g de ágar + 10 g de sacarose. O pólen germinado ficou contrastado com azul-de-amã. Foram observados lipídios em presença de sudam IV. Avaliou-se a produção de sementes híbridas por flor em condições de polinização natural e artificial. Pelo teste com carmim acético o pólen apresentou-se viável, porém não germinou adequadamente em meio de cultura. Existem fatores que interferem negativamente em sua fertilidade. Em campo, a germinação do pólen no estigma da linhagem macho-estéril foi satisfatória. A presença de lipídios no pólen e no estigma indicou a importância da ação de insetos polinizadores nesta florada

Spatial Econometrics Applied to Study the Influencing Factors of Honey Prices in Brazil

Recently, empirical econometric research has started to take into account the potential bias and loss of efficiency when spatial effects are ignored in the estimation process. The spatial econometrics methods deals with this kind of problem, by incorporating the spatial dependence into model specification. The application of this methodology has wide use, including rural economy, as apiculture. Currently, brazilian beekeeping is undergoing an expressive growth, projecting the country through the honey production and other bee products as well. Although, beekeeping sector has faced some important problems to reduce the deficits that strongly influence the beekeeping chain. Important issues are related to market, especially to understand the factors that influence the honey prices. This study aims to identify socio-economic, technological, management and geographic factors that have influenced the honey prices in Brazil. The analyses were based on classical linear and spatial econometrics regression models. In order to measure spatial dependence the Moran’s Index was applied and the stepAIC and Nagelkerke Pseudo-R² approaches to select the most appropriate model. The best model identified factors linked to improper agricultural practices, access to fund, honey production level, market competition and educational level as target variables that influence the honey prices in Brazil

Construção de colméia Langstroth com cimento-vermiculita

Exfoliated vermiculite is a light-weight and cheap product that, because of its thermal resistance, has become a valuable insulating material. With regard to its use in beekeeping, this research tested whether the box for honey bees constructed with cement-vermiculite mortar (CVM) presents physical characteristics similar to those of wood. The experiment was carried out at Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, for eight months. The cement-vermiculite mortar was compared with a control material (pinewood), in the construction of Langstroth boxes and boards, in a completely randomized design, with respect to thermal control, thermal conductivity and its capacity to absorb and lose water. The production cost for a CVM box was estimated. There were no internal temperature differences between CVM and wooden boxes. Thermal conductivity values for CVM and pinewood were similar. CVM absorbed more water and lost water faster than pinewood. Since CVM boxes can be easily constructed, at a low cost and with similar characteristics as traditional boxes, made of wood, the material can be recommended for use in non-migratory beekeeping.A vermiculita expandida é um material leve, barato e sua resistência térmica permite sua utilização como material isolante. Referente ao seu uso na Apicultura, esta pesquisa testou se a caixa para abelhas melíferas construída com argamassa cimento-vermiculita (ACV) apresenta características similares às da madeira. O estudo foi realizado em Seropédica (ERJ), Brasil, durante oito meses. Comparou-se a argamassa com o material controle, que foi a madeira pinho, em caixas de abelhas e em placas, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, quanto ao: controle térmico, a condutividade térmica, a capacidade de absorver e perder água. O custo de produção da caixa ACV para abelhas foi estimado. Não se observaram diferenças da temperatura interna entre as caixas de ACV e de madeira. A condutividade térmica foi similar nas placas de ACV e de madeira. As placas de ACV absorveram mais água, mas perderam mais rapidamente do que as de madeira. Considerando que a caixa de abelhas ACV é de fácil construção, de custo baixo e apresenta características similares a do material tradicional (madeira), este material pode ser recomendado para a apicultura, desde que não migratória

Langstroth hive construction with cement-vermiculite

Exfoliated vermiculite is a light-weight and cheap product that, because of its thermal resistance, has become a valuable insulating material. With regard to its use in beekeeping, this research tested whether the box for honey bees constructed with cement-vermiculite mortar (CVM) presents physical characteristics similar to those of wood. The experiment was carried out at Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, for eight months. The cement-vermiculite mortar was compared with a control material (pinewood), in the construction of Langstroth boxes and boards, in a completely randomized design, with respect to thermal control, thermal conductivity and its capacity to absorb and lose water. The production cost for a CVM box was estimated. There were no internal temperature differences between CVM and wooden boxes. Thermal conductivity values for CVM and pinewood were similar. CVM absorbed more water and lost water faster than pinewood. Since CVM boxes can be easily constructed, at a low cost and with similar characteristics as traditional boxes, made of wood, the material can be recommended for use in non-migratory beekeeping

Fertilidade do pólen de linhagens parentais da cebola híbrida (Allium cepa L.)

Experimentos foram conduzidos em Igarapé-MG em campo de produção de cebola hibrida em Viçosa MG, com o abjetivo de investigar a fertilidade de linhagens parentais de cebola hibrida. A viabilidade do pólen foi testada pelo contraste com Carmim Acético. A capacidade germinativa foi estudada nos meios de cultura: a) solução de sacarose a 5%; b) solução de sacarose a 10%, e: c) solução com 50 ppm de acido bórico + 0,5 g de açúcar + 10 g de sacarose, em condições naturais e artificiais e por polinização manual. 0 pólen germinado apresentou-se contrastado com Azul de Amã Observaram-se lipídios em presença de Sudam IV. Avaliou-se a produção de sementes hibridas por flor. Pelo teste com carmim acético o pólen apresentou-se viável, porém 1150 germinou adequadamente em meio a cultura e nem sob condições naturais. A germinação do pólen na linhagem macho-estéril foi satisfatória. A presença de lipídios no pólen e no estigma indicou a importância da atuação de insetos polinizadores nesta florada,Experiments were conducted with hybrid onion in Igarape and Viçosa in Minas Gerais State. The fertility of parental lines of, F1 onion hybrid was examined under laboratory and field conditions. In the Acetic Carmin test, the pollen registered as viable, but failed to germinate adequately in solutions of: a) saccharose 5%; b) saccharose 10%; c) 50 ppm of borie acid + 0,5 g of agar + 10 g of saccharose, as well as under natural conditions. Factors exist that may be interfering negatively with its fertility. In the male-infertile line, pollen germination was satisfactory. The fat present in pollen and stigma indicated the importance of insect pollination action for this blossom

Spatial Econometrics Applied to Study the Influencing Factors of Honey Prices in Brazil

Abstract Recently, empirical econometric research has started to take into account the potential bias and loss of efficiency when spatial effects are ignored in the estimation process. The spatial econometrics methods deals with this kind of problem, by incorporating the spatial dependence into model specification. The application of this methodology has wide use, including rural economy, as apiculture. Currently, brazilian beekeeping is undergoing an expressive growth, projecting the country through the honey production and other bee products as well. Although, beekeeping sector has faced some important problems to reduce the deficits that strongly influence the beekeeping chain. Important issues are related to market, especially to understand the factors that influence the honey prices. This study aims to identify socio-economic, technological, management and geographic factors that have influenced the honey prices in Brazil. The analyses were based on classical linear and spatial econometrics regression models. In order to measure spatial dependence the Moran's Index was applied and the stepAIC and Nagelkerke Pseudo-R² approaches to select the most appropriate model. The best model identified factors linked to improper agricultural practices, access to fund, honey production level, market competition and educational level as target variables that influence the honey prices in Brazil

Eusocial Apidae in tropical insular region

This study examined species richness and relative abundance of eusocial Apidae in an insular region of rain-forest, southeastern Brazil. Sampling took place during one year, using an standardized method with entomological net, at sites of secondary growth habitats surrounded by Atlantic rain-forest. Thirteen species of eusocial Apidae were netted at flowers, over 80% of the captured individuals were meliponine species, although the presence of Apis mellifera, commonly dominant in Brazilian habitats. Foraging activity of these bee species were essentially non-seasonal, apparently affected by high humidity. The patterns in abundance and species richness observed in Ilha Grande differed with other studies conducted at tropical islands, which were characterized by the poverty of meliponine species