Fuentes efímeras en iconología musical. El Fondo Bordas-Robledo: análisis y metodología

Este trabajo plantea el estudio iconológico de una selección de imágenes de fuentes efímeras (prensa y anuncios) pertenecientes al Fondo de Iconografía Musical Bordas-Robledo del Departamento de Musicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Dicho fondo se utiliza con el objeto de analizar algunas de las diversas representaciones y apropiaciones de la música en la sociedad actual. Se trata de una aproximación a los códigos y convenciones adoptadas por consenso por el imaginario social contemporáneo con la intención de descifrarlas y conocer el papel que desempeñan en determinados contextos visuales

Colour naming and use preferences in Spanish text typologies (1492−1700)

This article is intended to provide a quantitative analysis of colour names and their appearance in certain text typologies between 1492 and 1700. The terms for colour increased in Spain’s Golden Age because of the need to describe Spanish and American reality in detail. A review of the specialised literature has provided us with a lexicon of 499 terms of which 277 colour words are recorded in Golden Age documents according to various diachronic corpora. The method for collecting and analysing texts has provided a lexicon of 66 terms for colour with different degrees of preference for a specific type of document. In addition, 23 of these words have been found to indicate greater numerical specialisation by typology. These lexical units are mediaeval terms used especially in scientific prose and lyric, followed by historiography and society prose. These quantitative data represent the initial stage of research to which other issues must be added in the future such as the context in which these terms appear and the semantic changes that occur in each of the texts

Deconstructing double-barred galaxies in 2D and 3D. II. Two distinct groups of inner bars

The intrinsic photometric properties of inner and outer stellar bars within 17 double-barred galaxies are thoroughly studied through a photometric analysis consisting of: i) two-dimensional multi-component photometric decompositions, and ii) three-dimensional statistical deprojections for measuring the thickening of bars, thus retrieving their 3D shape. The results are compared with previous measurements obtained with the widely used analysis of integrated light. Large-scale bars in single- and double-barred systems show similar sizes, and inner bars may be longer than outer bars in different galaxies. We find two distinct groups of inner bars attending to their in-plane length and ellipticity, resulting in a bimodal behaviour for the inner/outer bar length ratio. Such bimodality is related neither to the properties of the host galaxy nor the dominant bulge, and it does not show a counterpart in the dimension off the disc plane. The group of long inner bars lays at the lower end of the outer bar length vs. ellipticity correlation, whereas the short inner bars are out of that relation. We suggest that this behaviour could be due to either a different nature of the inner discs from which the inner bars are dynamically formed, or a different assembly stage for the inner bars. This last possibility would imply that the dynamical assembly of inner bars is a slow process taking several Gyr to happen. We have also explored whether all large-scale bars are prone to develop an inner bar at some stage of their lives, possibility we cannot fully confirm or discard.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Orthogonal vertical velocity dispersion distributions produced by bars

In barred galaxies, the contours of stellar velocity dispersions ($\sigma$) are generally expected to be oval and aligned with the orientation of bars. However, many double-barred (S2B) galaxies exhibit distinct $\sigma$ peaks on the minor axis of inner bars, which we termed "$\sigma$-humps," while two local $\sigma$ minima are present close to the ends of inner bars, i.e., "$\sigma$-hollows." Analysis of numerical simulations shows that $\sigma_z$-humps or hollows should play an important role in generating the observed $\sigma$-humps+hollows in low-inclination galaxies. In order to systematically investigate the properties of $\sigma_z$ in barred galaxies, we apply the vertical Jeans equation to a group of well-designed three-dimensional bar+disk(+bulge) models. A vertically thin bar can lower $\sigma_z$ along the bar and enhance it perpendicular to the bar, thus generating $\sigma_z$-humps+hollows. Such a result suggests that $\sigma_z$-humps+hollows can be generated by the purely dynamical response of stars in the presence of a, sufficiently massive, vertically thin bar, even without an outer bar. Using self-consistent $N$-body simulations, we verify the existence of vertically thin bars in the nuclear-barred and S2B models which generate prominent $\sigma$-humps+hollows. Thus the ubiquitous presence of $\sigma$-humps+hollows in S2Bs implies that inner bars are vertically thin. The addition of a bulge makes the $\sigma_z$-humps more ambiguous and thus tends to somewhat hide the $\sigma_z$-humps+hollows. We show that $\sigma_z$ may be used as a kinematic diagnostic of stellar components that have different thickness, providing a direct perspective on the morphology and thickness of nearly face-on bars and bulges with integral field unit spectroscopy.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Communicative Strategies and Text Types in the Selection of Amerindian Voices in the 16th Century (1518-1559)

Después de la conquista del Caribe se abre el periodo de contacto de la lengua española con idiomas autóctonos consolidados, etapa en la que se va a dirimir la aclimatación lingüística en el continente americano. Esta aportación se centra en el análisis de una selección de obras correspondientes al periodo 1518-1559, elegidas en función de las siguientes variables: el grado de experiencia del autor en Indias y el uso de estrategias comunicativas desarrolladas en cada producción documental. La investigación se centra en el análisis cuantitativo de los vocablos incorporados en las crónicas, las tendencias observadas y su interpretación. Los tipos textuales generados evidencian una relación directa tanto con la incorporación de neologismos indígenas como con el marco de conocimientos del autor, a través del cual filtra su experiencia personal e incorpora las nuevas palabras.After the Caribbean Islands were conquered, there began a time of contact between the Spanish language and consolidated native languages, which would result in the linguistic settlement in the American continent. This paper focuses on the analysis of a selection of works dating between 1518 and 1559, and which have been selected on the basis of the following variables: the author’s level of experience in the Indies and the use of communicative strategies in each document. This study is centred on analyzing quantitatively the words included in the chronicles, the tendencies observed, and their interpretation. The resulting textual types show a direct relationship with both the addition of indigenous neologisms and the authors’ field of knowledge, through which they filter their personal experience and add the new words

Estudio de los niveles de actividad de las esterasas A y B asociadas con la resistencia a insecticidas organofosforados en poblaciones de Anopheles albimanus (Diptera : Cilicidae).

Para la realización de esta investigación se llevó a cabo una primera fase, que consistió en la colecta y colonización de dos cepas de mosquitos Anopheles albimanus provenientes de regiones de la República de Panamá que han estado sometidas a una potencial presión selectiva de insecticidas, ya sea de uso en salud pública o de uso agrícola. Una de las cepas se colectó en la localidad de Barranco Montafia en la Provincia de Bocas del Toro, y la otra fué colectada en la localidad de Puente Bayano, en la provincia de Panamá. Se emplearon hembras adultas de 3 a 10 días de emergencia de estas dos cepas de mosquitos, con el objetivo de determinar a través de ensayos electroforéticos en gel de celulosa, los niveles de actividad de las esterasas A y B asociadas con la resistencia a insecticidas organofosforados. Mediante los ensayos bioquímicos se detectaron en las dos cepas de An. albimanus las Est-1, Est-2 y Est-3; en las esterasa A y B respectivamente. Los niveles de actividad de la esterasa A al ser hidrolizada con c-naftil-acetato, revelaron como resultado la existencia de una relativa sensibilidad al fenitrotión en las dos cepas de An. albimanus; de acuerdo a los patrones enzimáticos. En cuanto a la esterasa B, los niveles de actividad identificados mediante la catálisis con B-naftil acetato, registraron la presencia de una resistencia intermedia en las dos cepas de mosquitos. Todas las muestras de mosquitos evaluadas de las dos poblaciones, fueron sometidas a la prueba de equilibrio genético de Hardy-Weimberg; obteniéndose, que el alelo más frecuente en las dos cepas para la esterasa A y E, fué el alelo BB; además se identificó que ambas poblaciones de mosquitos no estaban en equilibrio genético. Ello revela una correlación directa entre los resultados obtenidos a través de los patrones enzimáticos de las esterasas A y E y la prueba de Hardy-Weimberg; ya que la primera hace evidente la existencia de una resistencia intermedia, y la segunda, nos indica que las fuerzas evolutivas de la resistencia, en este caso la presión selectiva, no han ejercido un efecto completo para el establecimiento de la resistencia en ambas cepas de An. albimanus

Usos gráficos de un secretario eclesiástico canario del Setecientos

Muchos investigadores han subrayado el estudio histórico del español de Canarias y han intentado dar a conocer el proceso de nivelación que se produce desde los primeros momentos de la llegada del español a tierras no peninsulares, pero parece prolongarse varias centurias hasta que las reglas académicas se hacen efectivas en 1844. Nuestra investigación busca conocer el uso que se hace de las grafías a través de textos de 1785, redactados por el secretario Miguel Mariano de Toledo, natural de La Palma, y que recogen la vida social y comercial del Archipiélago a finales del Setecientos. Para conocer en profundidad el uso que se hace de las letras se utilizan como fuente de comparación las primeras ortografías académicas desde 1726 hasta el siglo XIX.The historical study of the Spanish of the Canary Islands has been underlined by many scholars, who have tried to make known the process of leveling produced from the first moments of the arrival of the Spanish to not peninsular lands, but it seem to be prolonged for several centuries until the academic rules are made effective in 1844. Our investigation aims to know the use that is made of the graphs through texts of 1785, edited by the secretary Miguel Mariano de Toledo, from La Palma, and in which he deals with the social and commercial life of the Archipelago at the end of the 17th century. In order to know the use that of the letters is made, the first academic spellings from 1726 until the XIX century are taken as a source of comparison