PACS and SPIRE photometer maps of M 33: First results of the HERschel M 33 Extended Survey (HERM33ES)

Context. Within the framework of the HERM33ES key program, we are studying the star forming interstellar medium in the nearby, metal-poor spiral galaxy M 33, exploiting the high resolution and sensitivity of Herschel. Aims. We use PACS and SPIRE maps at 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm wavelength, to study the variation of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with galacto-centric distance. Methods. Detailed SED modeling is performed using azimuthally averaged fluxes in elliptical rings of 2 kpc width, out to 8 kpc galacto-centric distance. Simple isothermal and two-component grey body models, with fixed dust emissivity index, are fitted to the SEDs between 24 μm and 500 μm using also MIPS/Spitzer  data, to derive first estimates of the dust physical conditions. Results. The far-infrared and submillimeter maps reveal the branched, knotted spiral structure of M 33. An underlying diffuse disk is seen in all SPIRE maps (250–500 μm). Two component fits to the SEDs agree better than isothermal models with the observed, total and radially averaged flux densities. The two component model, with β fixed at 1.5, best fits the global and the radial SEDs. The cold dust component clearly dominates; the relative mass of the warm component is less than 0.3% for all the fits. The temperature of the warm component is not well constrained and is found to be about 60 K ± 10 K. The temperature of the cold component drops significantly from ~24 K in the inner 2 kpc radius to 13 K beyond 6 kpc radial distance, for the best fitting model. The gas-to-dust ratio for β = 1.5, averaged over the galaxy, is higher than the solar value by a factor of 1.5 and is roughly in agreement with the subsolar metallicity of M 33

Analysis of pressure distributions for a series of tip and trailing-edge controls on a 60 deg wing at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01

Supersonic pressure distributions for tip and trailing edge controls on 60 deg delta win

Metabolism of pesticides in plants - some applications of nuclear techniques

RESP-857

Temperature dependent kinetics of biotin carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in long chain fatty acid biosynthesis. In Escherichia coli, the enzyme is composed of three distinct protein components: biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and carboxytransferase. The biotin carboxylase component has served for many years as a model for mechanistic studies devoted toward understanding biotin-dependent carboxylases. Studies of the temperature dependence, temperature dependence of the kinetic solvent isotope effect and thermodynamics of biotin carboxylase are reported. Analysis of the van’t Hoff plot in H2O was biphasic showing an apparent transition temperature of 20°C, with corresponding DH° values of –4.55 ± 1.84 kcal/mol below the transition temperature and –1.59 ± 0.16 kcal/mol above the transition temperature, respectively, suggesting a conformational change is occurring at this temperature. Biphasic Arrhenius and Eyring plots in D2O showed an apparent transition temperature at 25°C with corresponding Ea and DH‡ values of 16.35 ± 0.90 kcal/mol and 15.86 ± 0.85 kcal/mol below the transition temperature, respectively, and Ea and DH‡ values of 4.01 ± 1.15 kcal/mol and 3.37 ± 1.06 kcal/mol above the transition temperature, respectively. This break in the plots is suggestive of either a conformational change or a change in the rate-determining step occurring at 25°C. Kinetic solvent isotope effects were used to distinguish between these two possibilities. The results of the kinetic solvent isotope effect suggest a change in the rate-determining step as a function of temperature is occurring and is not due to a conformational change. Analysis of Arrhenius preexponential factors (AH/AD) determined from the temperature dependence of the kinetic solvent isotope suggests both hydrogen and deuterium tunneling in biotin carboxylase

“It was a way of surviving”: Searching for meaning in accounts of infidelity

The Western relationship ideal of monogamy influences the way infidelity is understood and experienced. Consequently, infidelity can be experienced as destructive for relationships, shattering trust, self-esteem and security, eliciting feelings of shame for all involved, and is a frequent presenting problem in couples’ therapy. Although there is an abundance of research examining this phenomenon, the experience and personal meanings of infidelity are still poorly understood. This qualitative study utilised interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine individuals’ experiences of engaging in infidelity, specifically affairs, and how these were shaped by Western society. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with 4 females and 3 males who had engaged in an ongoing romantic relationship alongside and not agreed in their monogamous relationship. Participants were aged between 25-55 (M = 32.29, SD = 5.60) at the time of their affairs. Three main findings emerged from the analysis: Something for Me; Coming to Life; and Negotiating Tensions. The findings highlighted how participants understood their affairs as a way to focus on their needs, and appeared to heighten their senses, eliciting a sense of feeling alive. Participants also experienced a number of internal conflicts during their affairs, arising from maintaining the secrecy of their affairs, and negotiating societal expectations with their experience, which could elicit feelings of guilt. Participants’ understanding of their experiences appeared to be filtered through dominant societal discourses, and provides useful insights into the nature of romantic relationships in the UK, and how they interact with social processes. Implications for Counselling Psychology and practice are discussed. Key Words: infidelity, affairs, monogamy, romantic relationships, mononormativity, IPA, contextual constructionism, discourse

Specific Rab GTPase-activating proteins define the Shiga toxin and epidermal growth factor uptake pathways

Rab family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) together with their regulators define specific pathways of membrane traffic within eukaryotic cells. In this study, we have investigated which Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) can interfere with the trafficking of Shiga toxin from the cell surface to the Golgi apparatus and studied transport of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the cell surface to endosomes. This screen identifies 6 (EVI5, RN-tre/USP6NL, TBC1D10A–C, and TBC1D17) of 39 predicted human Rab GAPs as specific regulators of Shiga toxin but not EGF uptake. We show that Rab43 is the target of RN-tre and is required for Shiga toxin uptake. In contrast, RabGAP-5, a Rab5 GAP, was unique among the GAPs tested and reduced the uptake of EGF but not Shiga toxin. These results suggest that Shiga toxin trafficking to the Golgi is a multistep process controlled by several Rab GAPs and their target Rabs and that this process is discrete from ligand-induced EGF receptor trafficking

A multiwavelength survey of interacting galaxies

Galaxy-galaxy collisions are known to produce drastic changes in morphology and, in many cases, enhance the level of star formation activity in galaxies. In order to better quantify the effects that interactions have on the star formation characteristics of galaxies the authors undertook a multiwavelength survey of a large sample of interacting disk-type galaxies. The sample is optically-selected, the inclusion of systems having been based upon the presence of unusual morphological features--such as tidal tails, plumes, rings, warped disks--suggestive of tidal interaction. The sample is composed of about 115 systems, most of which are spiral-spiral pairs, with a few spiral-elliptical pairs and a few merging systems (see Bushouse 1986 for more details of the sample selection). This sample has now been studied in the optical, infrared, and radio regimes, including optical spectra and H alpha images, near-infrared photometry and imaging, far-infrared photometry, H I 21 cm emission-line measurements, Very Large Array (VLA) 20 cm maps, and CO emission-line measurements. This paper presents an overview and comparison of the results of the optical, infrared and CO surveys. With these data the authors can compare the far-infrared and CO properties of the galaxies with the classic optical and radio indicators of star formation activity and thereby determine what, if any, relationships exist between star formation activity and the far-infrared and CO properties of the galaxies