Bedside Manner Techniques During The Black Death and the COVID-19 Pandemic

From 1346 to 1353, a bacteria now known as yersinia pestis caused millions of deaths all over the world, resulting in the time period to often be referred to as “The Black Death.” The Black Death called for the development of medical techniques and patient care, such as bedside manner. With the escalating death tolls and no known cause, medical professionals were left confused and in disarray as to what the best course of treatment was and how to protect themselves from illness. One might be under the impression that bedside manner techniques used today have no relation to the techniques used during pre-modern times. However, with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, one can see that these techniques have served as the foundation for modern medical treatment and patient care. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that bedside manner techniques have developed from pre-modern times and have supported patients who have become ill due to coronavirus. In an analysis of the techniques used during the Black Death and the COVID-19 pandemic, this study will identify parallels in the methods of communication with patients, courses of treatment, and methods of protection from disease.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1021/thumbnail.jp

Sociocultural Impact of AIDS Understanding on Prevention Education and Treatment Accessibility

The first fifteen years of the AIDS Crisis (1981-1996) were characterized by an immense need by those impacted both for legitimization of diagnoses and access to treatments which targeted both the HIV virus itself and resulting opportunistic infections (OIs). However, early epidemiological trends and the social perception that AIDS was a disease of white gay men resulted in much of the initial focus to center this population and their experience of the disease. This contributed to an incomplete understanding of the natural history of the virus, a failure to identify OIs more common in women and IV drug users (IVDUs), and barriers to vital services. In addition, most clinical trials, which were the only legal avenue to experimental treatments before 1989, excluded or limited the participation of diverse populations. Among those who did have access to clinical trials, as well as many others whose lives were directly affected by the epidemic, the cycles of hope (as treatments emerged) and despair (as their ineffectiveness and toxicities were revealed) was mentally and physically taxing, and in many cases fatal due to the limits of the therapy. The current investigation involves archival materials related to Gay Men’s Health Crisis (GMHC) available in the NYPL Special Collections and other historical archives. In addition, oral history interviews with GMHC staff and volunteers were analyzed from the archives or conducted as part of this project. Together these materials help shed light on the difficulties surrounding education, diagnosis and treatment access by differing demographics of people with AIDS (PWAs).https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1035/thumbnail.jp

Caractérisation des propriétés thermoélectriques des composants en régime harmonique : techniques et modélisation

Ce travail propose une nouvelle approche pour la caractérisation de propriétés de transport de composants et matériaux thermoélectriques, basés sur l'analyse en régime harmonique des réponses thermique et électrique des composants. Ce régime a été peu étudié en thermoélectricité, à cause de la nature fortement non-linéaire des phénomènes thermoélectriques. Il présente cependant plusieurs avantages, d'une part, l'utilisation de systèmes de mesures synchrones, connus pour sa résolution et sa capacité de rejet au bruit ; d'autre part, la possibilité d'étudier l'intégralité de propriétés thermoélectriques : le coefficient de Seebeck, la conductivité thermique, la résistivité électrique, mais également la diffusivité thermique, et les résistances thermiques d'interface, ces dernières ont été rarement étudiées, puisque difficiles à mesurer. Les effets thermoélectriques ont été modélisés en régime oscillant en utilisant la méthode des quadripôles thermiques, permettant de prédire des grandeurs pertinentes de la réponse d'un couple thermoélectrique, telles que le champ de température et la tension aux bornes du composant. L'étude de la sensibilité du modèle a dévoilé des zones privilégiées pour l'extraction de propriétés du composant. Deux bancs de mesure équivalents sont proposés : # Un banc de mesure AFM thermique (SThM) pour la mesure du champ de température. Un modèle prenant en compte l'interaction entre la pointe SThM et l'échantillon a été développé pour effectuer le calibrage de l'instrument. # Un banc photo-thermique, où le composant est excité par une source laser qui balaye sa surface, induisant par échauffement une tension Seebeck, tension mesurée sur diverses positions du faisceau chauffant. Aux mesures obtenues sur les bancs mentionnés, sont associés des modèles aux quadripôles thermiques permetttant la caractérisation intégrale de composants thermoélectriques, des propriétés intrinsèques des matériaux qui le constituent, et des propriétés d'interfaces

Fluids in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:A systematic review

Aim: To determine the comparative effectiveness of fluid schemes for children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods: We conducted a systematic review with an attempt to conduct network meta-analysis (NMA). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Epistemonikos, Virtual Health Library, and gray literature from inception to July 31, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children with DKA evaluating any intravenous fluid schemes. We planned to conduct NMA to compare all fluid schemes if heterogeneity was deemed acceptable. Results: Twelve RCTs were included. Studies were heterogeneous in the population (patients and DKA episodes), interventions with different fluids (saline, Ringer's lactate (RL), and polyelectrolyte solution-PlasmaLyte®), tonicity, volume, and administration systems. We identified 47 outcomes that measured clinical manifestations and metabolic control, including single and composite outcomes and substantial heterogeneity preventing statistical combination. No evidence was found of differences in neurological deterioration (main outcome), but differences were found among interventions in some comparisons to normalize acid-base status (∼2 h less with low vs. high volume); time to receive subcutaneous insulin (∼1 h less with low vs. high fluid rate); length of stay (∼6 h less with RL vs. saline); and resolution of the DKA (∼3 h less with two-bag vs. one-bag scheme). However, available evidence is scarce and poor. Conclusions: There is not enough evidence to determine the best fluid therapy in terms of fluid type, tonicity, volume, or administration time for DKA treatment. There is an urgent need for more RCTs, and the development of a core outcome set on DKA in children.</p

Parameters Identification and Gas Behavior Characterization of DBD Systems

This paper proposes an efficient modeling and an identification method for dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) systems, based on input–output (current–voltage) experimental measurements. The DBD is modeled using an equivalent electric circuit associated with a differential equation that describes the dynamics of its conductance. This equation assumes a homogeneous behavior of the gas. This paper introduces a series of polynomial terms of the current of the gas into the conductance equation. These terms, after identification, are a very useful tool to analyze the physical mechanisms that take place in the gas. The identification process also returns the numerical values of other DBD parameters, such as associated capacitances and the breakdown voltage. In addition, an asymmetric model for the gas, which considers the direction of the current, is proposed to consider the possible geometrical dissimilarity between the two electrodes of the DBD setup. Experimental measurements taken on two different DBD applications are used for validating the proposed approach

Joule Expansion Imaging Techniques on Microlectronic Devices

We have studied the electrically induced off-plane surface displacement on two microelectronic devices using Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy (SJEM). We present the experimental method and surface displacement results. We show that they can be successfully compared with surface displacement images obtained using an optical interferometry method. We also present thermal images using Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) technique to underline that SJEM is more adapted to higher frequency measurements, which should improve the spatial resolution.Comment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions (http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions

Dravet syndrome patient‐derived neurons suggest a novel epilepsy mechanism

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99647/1/ana23897.pd

Climate drives community-wide divergence within species over a limited spatial scale: evidence from an oceanic island

Geographic isolation substantially contributes to species endemism on oceanic islands when speciation involves the colonisation of a new island. However, less is understood about the drivers of speciation within islands. What is lacking is a general understanding of the geographic scale of gene flow limitation within islands, and thus the spatial scale and drivers of geographical speciation within insular contexts. Using a community of beetle species, we show that when dispersal ability and climate tolerance are restricted, microclimatic variation over distances of only a few kilometres can maintain strong geographic isolation extending back several millions of years. Further to this, we demonstrate congruent diversification with gene flow across species, mediated by Quaternary climate oscillations that have facilitated a dynamic of isolation and secondary contact. The unprecedented scale of parallel species responses to a common environmental driver for evolutionary change has profound consequences for understanding past and future species responses to climate variation

The small GTPase Rab29 is a common regulator of immune synapse assembly and ciliogenesis

Acknowledgements We wish to thank Jorge Galán, Gregory Pazour, Derek Toomre, Giuliano Callaini, Joel Rosenbaum, Alessandra Boletta and Francesco Blasi for generously providing reagents and for productive discussions, and Sonia Grassini for technical assistance. The work was carried out with the financial support of Telethon (GGP11021) and AIRC.Peer reviewedPostprin