Study of star-forming galaxies in SDSS up to redshift 0.4: I. Metallicity evolution

The chemical composition of the gas in galaxies versus cosmic time provides a very important tool for understanding galaxy evolution. Although there are many studies at high redshift, they are rather scarce at lower redshifts. However, low redshift studies can provide important clues about the evolution of galaxies, furnishing the required link between local and high redshift universe. In this work we focus on the metallicity of the gas of star-forming galaxies at low redshift, looking for signs of chemical evolution. To analyze the metallicity contents star-forming galaxies of similar luminosities and masses at different redshifts. With this purpose, we present a study of the metallicity of relatively massive (log(M_star/M_sun)>10.5) star forming galaxies from SDSS--DR5 (Sloan Digital Sky Survey--Data Release 5), using different redshift intervals from 0.04 to 0.4. We used data processed with the STARLIGHT spectral synthesis code, correcting the fluxes for dust extinction, estimating metallicities using the R_23 method, and segregating the samples with respect to the value of the [NII]6583/[OII]3727 line ratio in order to break the R_23 degeneracy selecting the upper branch. We analyze the luminosity and mass-metallicity relations, and the effect of the Sloan fiber diameter looking for possible biases. By dividing our redshift samples in intervals of similar magnitude and comparing them, significant signs of metallicity evolution are found. Metallicity correlates inversely with redshift: from redshift 0 to 0.4 a decrement of ~0.1 dex in 12+log(O/H) is found.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Truth and knowledge in law: the integration challenge

There is a challenge that needs to be addressed in general jurisprudence, and the challenge I have in mind is composed of two questions: one of these raises a metaphysical issue about what makes it the case that the law requires what it does—call that the constitutive question; the other question raises an epistemological issue about what it is to know what the law requires in the instant case—call that the problem of legal knowledge. Although these questions raise different issues that need to be addressed by general theories of the nature of law, my view is that they are best regarded as two facets of a larger problem: how, if at all, can we reconcile a plausible account of what makes it the case that the law requires what it does with a credible account of what it is to know what the law requires on a particular issue? That, in a nutshell, is the integration challenge confronting the legal domain, and my discussion of it proceeds as follows: I shall begin, in Chapter II, by introducing the integration challenge for the legal domain and demonstrating why that challenge merits scrutiny in philosophical discussions of the nature of law; I shall then establish, in Chapters III-IV, the programme of legal dispositionalism and its attendant objectivity, relevance, and epistemological conditions that constrain adequate solutions to this pressing theoretical problem; as I explain in Chapter V, the problematic is confounded here in that our two leading theories of the nature of law, the orthodox view and the model of principle, fail to negotiate those constraints satisfactorily in their respective accounts of what law is and how it works; so, in Chapter VI, I shall review the importance of taking up our challenge in earnest

Torrential rainfall in northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: synoptic patterns and WeMO influence

International audienceThis study presents a catalogue of synoptic patterns of torrential rainfall in northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These circulation patterns were obtained by applying a T-mode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to a daily data grid (NCEP/NCAR reanalysis) at sea level pressure (SLP). The analysis made use of 304 days which recorded >100 mm in one or more stations in provinces of Barcelona, Girona and Tarragona (coastland area of Catalonia) throughout the 1950?2005 period. The catalogue comprises 7 circulation patterns showing a great variety of atmospheric conditions and seasonal or monthly distribution. Likewise, we computed the mean index value of the Western Mediterranean Oscillation index (WeMOi) for the synoptic patterns obtained by averaging all days grouped in each pattern. The results showed a clear association between the negative values of this teleconnection index and torrential rainfall in northeast of the IP. We therefore put forward the WeMO as an essential tool for forecasting heavy rainfall in northeast of Spain

Anti-biofilm multi drug-loaded 3D printed hearing aids

Over 5% of the world's population has disabling hearing loss, which affects approximately one third of individuals over 65 years. Hearing aids are commonly used in this population group, but prolonged use of these devices may cause ear infections. We describe for the first time, the use of 3D printing to fabricate hearing aids loaded with two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone acetonide. Digital light processing 3D printing was employed to manufacture hearing aids from two polymer resins, ENG hard and Flexible. The inclusion of the antibiotics did not affect the mechanical properties of the hearing aids. All multi-drug-loaded devices exhibited a hydrophilic surface, excellent blood compatibility and anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Hearing aids loaded with ciprofloxacin (6% w/w) and fluocinolone acetonide (0.5% w/w) sustained drug release for more than two weeks and inhibited biofilm formation on the surface of the devices and bacteria growth in the surrounding medium. In summary, this work highlights the potential of vat photopolymerization 3D printing as a versatile manufacturing approach to fabricate high-fidelity patient-specific medical devices with anti-bacterial properties

Fotogrametría SfM aplicada a la determinación taxonómica de restos arqueofaunísticos

[EN] Photogrammetry has recently been incorporated into archaeological research, replacing much more expensive techniques while still generating high resolution results. This technique converts two dimensional (2D) images into three-dimensional (3D) models, allowing for the complex analysis of geometric and spatial information. It has become one of the most used methods for the 3D recording of cultural heritage objects. Among its possible archaeological uses are: digitally documenting an archaeological dig at low cost, aiding the decision-making process (Dellepiane et al., 2013); spatial surveying of archaeological sites; 3D model generation of archaeological objects and digitisation of archaeological collections (Adami et al., 2018; Aparicio Resco et al., 2014; Cots et al., 2018; Iturbe et al., 2018; Moyano, 2017).The objective of this paper is to show the applicability of 3D models based on SfM (Structure from Motion) photogrammetry for archaeofauna analyses. We created 3D models of four camelid (Lama glama) bone elements (skull, radius-ulna, metatarsus and proximal phalange), aiming to demonstrate the advantages of 3D models over 2D osteological guides, which are usually used to perform anatomical and systematic determination of specimens.Photographs were taken with a 16 Megapixel Nikon D5100 DSLR camera mounted on a tripod, with the distance to the object ranging between 1 and 3 m and using a 50mm fixed lens. Each bone element was placed on a 1 m tall stool, with a green, high contrast background. Photographs were shot at regular intervals of 10-15º, moving in a circle. Sets of around 30 pictures were taken from three circumferences at vertical angles of 0º, 45º and 60º. In addition, some detailed and overhead shots were taken from the dorsal and ventral sides of each bone element. Each set of dorsal and ventral photos was imported to Agisoft Photoscan Professional. A workflow (Fig. 4) of alignment, tie point matching, high resolution 3D dense point cloud construction, and creation of a triangular mesh covered with a photographic texture was performed. Finally the dorsal and ventral models were aligned and merged and the 3D model was accurately scaled. In order to determine accuracy of the models, linear measurements were performed and compared to a digital gauge measurement of the physical bones, obtaining a difference of less than 0.5 mm.Furthermore, five archaeological specimens were selected to compare our 3D models with the most commonly used 2D camelid atlas (Pacheco Torres et al., 1986; Sierpe, 2015). In the particular case of archaeofaunal analyses, where anatomical and systematic determination of the specimens is the key, digital photogrammetry has proven to be more effective than traditional 2D documentation methods. This is due to the fact that 2D osteological guides based on drawings or pictures lack the necessary viewing angles to perform an adequate and complete diagnosis of the specimens. Using new technology can deliver better results, producing more comprehensive information of the bone element, with great detail and geometrical precision and not limited to pictures or drawings at particular angles. In this paper we can see how 3D modelling with SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion-Multi View Stereo) allows the observation of an element from multiple angles. The possibility of zooming and rotating the models (Figs. 6g, 6h, 7d, 8c) improves the determination of the archaeological specimens.Information on how the 3D model was produced is essential. A metadata file must include data on each bone element (anatomical and taxonomic) plus information on photographic quantity and quality. This file must also contain the software used to produce the model and the parameters and resolution of each step of the workflow (number of 3D points, mesh vertices, texture resolution and quantification of the error of the model). In short, 3D models are excellent tools for osteological guides.[ES] En los últimos años, la fotogrametría se ha ido incorporando en el trabajo arqueológico no sólo por sus ventajas técnicas, sino también para reemplazar métodos mucho más costosos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar la utilidad de los modelos 3D realizados a partir de la fotogrametría digital como material de referencia para análisis arqueofaunísticos. Particularmente, realizamos modelos 3D de cuatro elementos de un camélido (Lama glama) con el propósito de presentar las ventajas de los modelos 3D en contraposición a las guías osteológicas (2D) usualmente utilizadas para la determinación anatómica y sistemática de los especímenes. En este trabajo se generaron los modelos virtuales 3D a partir de la solución fotogramétrica y de visión por computador structure from motion multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS), la cual permite establecer la ubicación espacial (X,Y,Z) de puntos registrados en las imágenes. Un avance significativo en la técnica fue el uso de algoritmos que permiten un flujo de trabajo semiautomático para la producción del modelo 3D. Por otra parte, se seleccionaron a modo de ejemplo cinco especímenes arqueológicos fragmentarios de camélidos para comparar los modelos 3D realizados con los atlas 2D de camélidos usualmente utilizados. Los resultados 3D obtenidos han demostrado ser más eficientes que los métodos de documentación tradicional 2D. La incorporación de la nueva tecnología SfM-MVS puede aportar mejores resultados en la medida que produce información integral del elemento óseo con gran precisión geométrica y detalle, y no solo fotografías o dibujos desde diferentes ángulos. La posibilidad de contar con diversas vistas en el modelo 3D nos facilitó la determinación de los especímenes arqueológicos. Lo más destacado: Se presenta una evaluación de la utilidad de modelos fotogramétricos de elementos óseos como material de referencia para el análisis arqueofaunístico. La técnica fotogramétrica SfM permite obtener una adecuada reproducción de la geometría y morfología de los elementos óseos. Los modelos 3D presentan una amplia ventaja en contraposición a las guías osteológicas (2D) tradicionalmente utilizadas para la determinación anatómica y sistemática de los especímenesAl Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y a la Universidad Nacional de La Plata por el financiamiento de las investigaciones. A los Sres. Orellanas y Silva del ex Zoológico Municipal de Santiago del Estero “San Francisco de Asís”, que permitieron recuperar los restos de un individuo de Lama glama. A la Lic. 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