Displacement, Urban Populations, and the Right to Space and Place: Syrians in Istanbul and Colombians in Medellín

The internal displacement of rural Colombians and displacement of Syrians in and out of Syria constitute some of the largest conflict-induced migrations in the world today. Rural Colombians have been driven from mountainous areas of the country by conflict between the government, rebels of the the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and paramilitaries and have entered urban spaces like Medellín in search of assistance allocated to internally displaced persons. The majority of Syrian refugees fleeing the civil war in their country reside in Turkey, and many have made their way to Istanbul for the greater economic opportunities that the largest urban center in Turkey can provide, as well as proximity to migration opportunities to Europe. Although internally displaced Colombians and Syrian refugees have different patterns of migration and rights of legal citizenship, their experiences of space and the right to belong are similar in many key ways. Both groups experience heavy state surveillance and barriers to recognition and the right to exist in their physical and sociopolitical space as legitimate members of the space. These issues represent barriers to the political and economic incorporation of displaced Colombians and Syrians. While not being denied the right of movement, the treatment of these displaced peoples constitutes a human rights violation by excluding them from social and economic membership in the state. The similarities across their experiences, despite one group having political citizenship while the other group does not, point to the challenges of displaced populations to exercise human rights

Community-driven reconstruction in Colombia: An experimental study of collective action beyond program beneficiaries

Increased community cooperation is an important objective of Community-Driven Reconstruction (CDR) programs in post-conflict settings. While these programs typically work with a limited group of beneficiaries, little is known about the potential community impact beyond these beneficiaries. To investigate this, we empirically analyze how cooperative behavior develops in a lab-in-the-field experiment with mixed groups of CDR program beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries, organized in 42 municipalities in Colombia with active CDR programs. In the experiment, we use two rounds of a binary public goods game with a communication stage between both rounds. The experimental data are complemented with information on pre-existing social proximity among the participants and whether they have participated in a CDR program. We find that cooperation increases after communication, and that it correlates positively with the proportion of cooperators before communication. This peer effect is mainly driven by the cooperative behavior of CDR program beneficiaries while the influence of non-beneficiaries is limited

Collective learning and conceptions of power: between oppression and the power to make organizational changes

En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la investigación “Aprendizaje y desarrollo organizacional: las representaciones del poder y su incidencia en los procesos de cambio”, desarrollada en el Área de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Organizacional del Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación (IRICE). En él damos a conocer los aspectos teórico-metodológicos que le dieron sustento, como también el análisis de datos y conclusiones de la investigación mencionada.In this paper we present the results of the research “Learning and Organizational Development: Representations of Power and its Impact on Change Processes”, carried out in the Learning and Organizational Development area belonging to the Research Institute of Educational Sciences (IRICE). In it we present theoretical and methodological aspects that supported it, as well as the data analysis and research findings mentioned above.Fil: Perlo, Claudia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones En Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Romorini, Maria Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

Does Government Regulation Complement Existing Community Efforts to Support Cooperation? Evidence from Field Experiments in Colombia

In this paper we describe a field experiment conducted among mollusk harvesters in a community on the Pacific Coast of Columbia. The experiment is based on a standard linear public good and consists of two stages. In the first stage we compare the ability of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions among community members to increase contributions to the public good. In the second stage we add a government regulation with either a high or low sanction for noncompliance to community enforcement efforts. The results for the first stage are consistent with other comparisons of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions within groups; both led to higher contributions. The results from the second stage reveal that government regulations always complemented community enforcement efforts. While the subjects tended to reduce their sanctioning efforts under the government regulations, contributions and earnings were significantly higher than without government interventions. In fact, the combination of community and government enforcement efforts generated near-perfect contributions to the public good. However, more research into the combined roles of government intervention and community enforcement efforts is needed because the complementarity we find may be situation-specific.Field experiments, public goods, government regulation, community enforcement

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia

This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.public goods, field experiments, pro-social emotions, social dilemma, regulation, enforcement.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia

This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.

Analyzing group communication dynamics and content in a common-pool resource experiment

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MWe study costly communication in a common-pool resource (CPR) experiment as a proxy for two different forms of participatory processes: as a public good and as a club good. A public communication meeting, representing centralized participatory processes, occurs when all group members' monetary contributions reach a specified threshold. Club communication meetings, representing networked participatory processes, follow only among those members of the group who pay a communication fee. We test whether the way costly communication is provided affects the willingness of participants to contribute to communication, as well as the dynamics of such payments, and the content of communication. This is done by analyzing contributions to communication and communication content of 100 real-life resource users participating in a lab-in-field experiment. We find that contributions towards communication are higher when communication is public, and that club communication features more frequent but less inclusive communication meetings. Also, communication content is more oriented towards addressing the collective action problem associated with the management of the resource when communication groups are attended by all participants. The identified differences between the two ways to provide for communication can inform policies and the design of participatory processes in natural resource governance

Configurations of Otherness and Power: From Loneliness in the Pyramid to Encounter on the Network

Este artículo es el resultado de una síntesis integradora de diferentes trabajos realizados en nuestro equipo de investigación. Su objetivo es mostrar la investigación de prácticas sociales que si bien se encuentran fuertemente condicionadas por un contexto histórico-político, a su vez detentan la capacidad de engendrar nuevos productos, percepciones, expresiones y acciones entre los individuos que las llevan a cabo “cara a cara”, en un quehacer cotidiano. La perspectiva teórica-metodológica, parte de la microfísica del poder (Foucault, 1980) hacia las prácticas “del mundo de la vida cotidiana” (sociología fenomenológica) (Schultz, 1974) abordando este campo dinámico en articulación entre lo micro y lo macro. Los aportes de la perspectiva micropolítica (Ball, 1989; Bardisa, 1997; Terrén, 2004; Blasé y Blasé, 1997; López Yánez y Sánchez Moreno 2004) brindan un marco psicosociológico para comprender la acción colectiva en el contexto organizacional. De este modo tomando como eje organizador la configuración del otro y el poder, se presentan diversas categorías de análisis tales como: lógica del juego, emoción, vínculo, dimensión comunicativa, tiempo y espacio, cambio colectivo y metodologías de aprendizaje, para explicar y comprender el modo en que estas diferentes configuraciones de la alteridad, obstaculizan o permiten el encuentro humano en la red organizativa.This article is the result of an integrative synthesis of different projects executed by a research team. Its aim is to show research about social practices that, although they are strongly conditioned by a historical-political context, at the same time restrain the ability to generate new products, perceptions, expressions and actions among the individuals who carry them out “face to face,” on a daily basis. The theoretical and methodological perspective starts with the microphysics of power (Foucault, 1980) and moves toward practices “in the world of everyday life” (phenomenological sociology) (Schultz, 1974), dealing with this dynamic field combining the micro and the macro. Contributions of the micropolitical perspective (Ball, 1989; Bardisa, 1997; Terren, 2004; Blase and Blase, 1997; López Yañez and Sánchez Moreno; 2004) offer a psychosocial framework for understanding collective action in the organizational context. Thus, taking configuration of the other and power as an organizing axis, diverse categories of analysis are presented, such as: games logic, emotion, bonding, communicative dimension, time and space, collective change and learning methodologies, to explain and understand the way in which these different configurations of otherness hinder or permit human encounter in the organizational network. Keywords: Configuration, otherness, power, network.Fil: Perlo, Claudia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones En Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Leticia. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Romorini, Maria Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

Resilience to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to developing drug addiction

We review the still scarce but growing literature on resilience to the effects of social stress on the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. We define the concept of resilience and how it is applied to the field of drug addiction research. We also describe the internal and external protective factors associated with resilience, such as individual behavioral traits and social support. We then explain the physiological response to stress and how it is modulated by resilience factors. In the subsequent section, we describe the animal models commonly used in the study of resilience to social stress, and we focus on the effects of chronic social defeat (SD), a kind of stress induced by repeated experience of defeat in an agonistic encounter, on different animal behaviors (depression- and anxiety-like behavior, cognitive impairment and addiction-like symptoms). We then summarize the current knowledge on the neurobiological substrates of resilience derived from studies of resilience to the effects of chronic SD stress on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Finally, we focus on the limited studies carried out to explore resilience to the effects of SD stress on the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse, describing the current state of knowledge and suggesting future research directions