4,566 research outputs found
Exploring Discourse Ethics for Tourism Transformation
The 'critical turn' in tourism studies is defined as a research perspective that explores social transfor- mation in and through tourism by facing the negative impact of strategic-instrumental rationality on this activity. This work explores the features of discourse ethics that may normatively support tourism transformation, a gap that has not been thoroughly discussed in tourism research. For this purpose, the study combines the use of critical and ethical theory with an analysis of discourse ethics in tourism literature to demonstrate that the use of Habermasian discourse ethics needs to be complemented with the Apelian approach. Through these steps the work reveals the theoretical bases of discourse ethics to discuss whether understandings between stakeholders guided by strategic-instrumental rationality can be reached not only in the political sphere âHabermasâ, but also in the ethical field âApel
Two-point Taylor Expansions of Analytic Functions
Taylor expansions of analytic functions are considered with respect to two
points. Cauchy-type formulas are given for coefficients and remainders in the
expansions, and the regions of convergence are indicated. It is explained how
these expansions can be used in deriving uniform asymptotic expansions of
integrals. The method is also used for obtaining Laurent expansions in two
points.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Analysis of water-soluble vitamins in biopharma raw materials by electrophoresis micro-chips with contactless conductivity detection
Detailed information concerning the composition of the raw materials employed in the production
of biologics is important for the efficient control and optimization of bioprocesses. The analytical
methods used in these applications must be simple and fast as well as be easily transferable from
one site to another. In that context, microchipâbased electrophoresis represents a promising tool
for application in the analysis of raw materials in biologics. Using electrophoresis microâchips,
analysis times can be reduced to seconds and high separation efficiencies can be achieved using
extremely low volume samples, minimal reagent consumption and waste generation, low
cost/disposability, portability and ease of massâproduction [1].
Additionally the use of Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (C4D) offers a
rather simple and yet sensitive method for detection of ionic species. Recently, C4D has gained
much popularity as onâchip detection in electrophoresis microâchips [2]. The main reason for this
is that there is no physical contact of the detection electrodes with the electrolyte solution.
Therefore, the integration of this detection mode within the analytical system is rather simple.
Furthermore, the background noise is significantly reduced leading to lower detection limits than
the conventional contact conductivity detection.
Vitamins are present at very low concentrations in biopharma raw materials and are usually
determined using HPLC and CE methods [3]. Electrophoresis microâchips are a very good
alternative to these techniques due to the shorter analysis time and yet very good resolution,
among others.
In this paper, we present the application of electrophoresis microâchips with C4D detection to the
analysis of waterâsoluble vitamins in raw materials used for the production of biologics in
bioreactors. For that purpose, hybrid PDMS/glass chips were fabricated by using standard
photolithographic techniques (Figure 1). The chip structure contains an extremely long channel of
101 mm (50 x 50 ÎŒm width x depth). Figure 2 shows the setup used for vitamins detection
Analysis of biopharma raw materials by electrophoresis microchips with contactless conductivity detection
Detailed information concerning the composition of the raw materials employed in the production of biologics is important for the efficient control and optimization of bioprocesses. We demonstrate the application of electrophoresis microchips with capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) to the analysis of wa-ter-soluble vitamins and metal cations in raw material solutions that are subse-quently fed into bioreactors for the production of biologics
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