Aproximación a la violencia política en el País Vasco y perspectivas de una justicia restaurativa para Euskadi : = Approaching political violence in the Basque country and perspective of a restorative justice in Euskadi

This work has two objectives. One is to offer an explanation on the political violence that the Basque Country has suffer and experienced during almost 50 years through the study of the so-called Basque National Liberation Movement. The other aim is to reflect on the difficulties to develop Restorative Justice after the end of ETA. This article is in big debt with a former work of the author: “Revolucionarismo Patriótico” (Tecnos 2011) where the origin, ideology, strategy and organization of the BNLM are analyzed. A group based on the ideology of revolutionary patriotism, which has evolved a politico-military strategy and organized itself through dozens of different associations into a national liberation movement. This article adds an extensive bibliography on political violence. Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. De un lado ofrecer una explicación a la violencia política que el País Vasco ha padecido durante cerca de 50 años a través del estudio del denominado Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Vasco. Por otra parte, reflexionar sobre las dificultades para desarrollar una justicia restaurativa tras el final de ETA. El artículo es deudor de una obra anterior del autor: “Revolucionarismo Patriótico” (Tecnos 2011) donde se analiza el origen, ideología, estrategia y organización del MLNV. Un grupo de ideología patriótico-revolucionaria que ha desarrollado una estrategia político-militar y se ha organizado a través de decenas de grupos en forma de movimiento de liberación nacional. Este artículo incorpora una extensa bibliografía sobre violencia política

Contributions to language understanding: n-gram attention and alignments for interpretable similarity and inference

Tesis doctoral titulada “Hizkuntza-ulermenari Ekarpenak: N-gramen arteko Atentzio eta Lerrokatzeak Antzekotasun eta Inferentzia Interpretagarrirako / Contribuciones a la Comprensión Lectora: Mecanismos de Atención y Alineamiento entre N-gramas para Similitud e Inferencia Interpretable”, defendida por Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio en la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) y elaborada bajo la dirección de los doctores Eneko Agirre (Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos) y Montse Maritxalar (Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos). La defensa tuvo lugar el 30 de octubre de 2018 ante el tribunal formado por los doctores Kepa Sarasola (Presidente, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)), Gorka Azkune (Secretario, Universidad de Deusto) y David Martínez (Vocal, IBM). La tesis obtuvo la calificación de sobresaliente Cum Laude y mención internacional.Ph. D. thesis entitled “Hizkuntza-ulermenari Ekarpenak: N-gramen arteko Atentzio eta Lerrokatzeak Antzekotasun eta Inferentzia Interpretagarrirako / Contributions to Language Understanding: N-gram Attention and Alignments for Interpretable Similarity and Inference”, written by Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio at the University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under the supervision of Dr. Eneko Agirre (Languages and Computer Systems Department) and Dr. Montse Maritxalar (Languages and Computer Systems Department). The viva voce was held on October 30 2018 and the members of the commission were Dr. Kepa Sarasola (President, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)), Dr. Gorka Azkune (Secretary, University of Deusto) and Dr. David Martínez (Vocal, IBM). The thesis obtained Cum Laude excellent grade and international mention.Esta tesis doctoral ha sido realizada con una beca predoctoral del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Referencia: MINECO FPU13/00501

Fighting against fuel poverty by collaborating with social services through energy advice: An innovative case from Spain

The aim of this article is to describe the efforts against energy poverty of G oiEner, an energy cooperative in Spain, giving energy advice to the social services of two municipalities, Zarautz and Usurbil. Electricity contracts of low-income households were revised and improvements were proposed, according to the specificities of the Spanish electricity market; prioritising the regulated tariff with social bonus, then time-of-use tariff and optimising power capacity. Switching to the regulated tariff can realise savings of around 10%, theoretically up to a 40% if the rest of the optimizations are included. Unexpectedly, some of the household were reluctant to change the conditions of their contracts. Training sessions were organised so that in the future this intervention could be done without the help of GoiEner. Conclusions can be drawn on how GoiEner can capture the possibilities new technologies, such as smart meters, offer.; El objetivo de este artículo es describir los esfuerzos contra la pobreza energética de GoiEner, una cooperativa energética de España, que presta asesoramiento energético a los servicios sociales de dos municipios, Zarautz y Usurbil. Se revisaron los contratos de electricidad de hogares de bajos ingresos y se propusieron mejoras, de acuerdo con las especificidades del mercado eléctrico español; priorizando la tarifa regulada con bono social, luego la tarifa discriminación horaria y la optimización de la potencia contratada. El cambio a la tarifa regulada puede suponer un ahorro de alrededor del 10%, teóricamente hasta un 40% incluyendo el resto de optimizaciones. Sin embargo, algunos hogares se mostraron reacios a cambiar las condiciones de sus contratos. Se organizaron formaciones para que en el futuro esta intervención pudiera hacerse sin ayuda. Se pueden sacar conclusiones sobre cómo GoiEner podría beneficiarse de las posibilidades que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías, e.g. medidores inteligentes

A Novel PMSM Hybrid Sensorless Control Strategy for EV Applications Based on PLL and HFI

In this paper, a novel hybrid sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives applied to Electric Vehicles (EV) is presented. This sensorless strategy covers the EV full speed range and also has speed reversal capability. It combines a High Frequency Injection (HFI) technique for low and zero speeds, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for the medium and high speed regions. A solution to achieve smooth transitions between the PLL and the HFI strategies is also proposed, allowing to correctly detect the rotor position polarity when HFI takes part. Wide speed and torque four-quadrant simulation results are provided, which validate the proposed sensorless strategy for being further implemented in EV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

IPMSM torque control strategies based on LUTs and VCT feedback for robust control under machine parameter variations

In recent years, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSMs) have attracted a considerable attention in the scientific community and industry for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems. Lookup Table (LUT) based Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategies are widely used for IPMSM torque control. However, LUTs strongly depend on machine parameters. Deviations of these parameters due to machine ageing, temperature or manufacturing inaccuracies can lead to control instabilities in the field weakening region. In this paper, two novel hybrid IPMSM control strategies combining the usage of LUTs and Voltage Constraint Tracking (VCT) feedbacks are proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned controllability issues. Simulation results that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches are presented.Postprint (author's final draft

Uncovering divergent linguistic information in word embeddings with lessons for intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation

Following the recent success of word embeddings, it has been argued that there is no such thing as an ideal representation for words, as different models tend to capture divergent and often mutually incompatible aspects like semantics/syntax and similarity/relatedness. In this paper, we show that each embedding model captures more information than directly apparent. A linear transformation that adjusts the similarity order of the model without any external resource can tailor it to achieve better results in those aspects, providing a new perspective on how embeddings encode divergent linguistic information. In addition, we explore the relation between intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation, as the effect of our transformations in downstream tasks is higher for unsupervised systems than for supervised ones.Comment: CoNLL 201

A cut finite element method for the solution of the full-potential equation with an embedded wake

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1624-3Potential flow solvers represent an appealing alternative for the simulation of non-viscous subsonic flows. In order to deliver accurate results, such techniques require prescribing explicitly the so called Kutta condition, as well as adding a special treatment on the “wake” of the body. The wake is traditionally modelled by introducing a gap in the CFD mesh, which requires an often laborious meshing work. The novelty of the proposed work is to embed the wake within the CFD domain. The approach has obvious advantages in the context of aeroelastic optimization, where the position of the wake may change due to evolutionary steps of the geometry. This work presents a simple, yet effective, method for the imposition of the embedded wake boundary condition. The presented method preserves the possibility of employing iterative techniques in the solution of the linear problems which stem out of the discretization. Validation and verification of the solver are performed for a NACA 0012 airfoil.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

An embedded approach for the solution of the full potential equation with finite elements

Recent developments in numerical simulations in the aerodynamics field are focused on reducing the computational cost of the solvers, targeting their use at the initial design steps. Under the right assumptions, potential solvers can be exploited to accomplish a valid solution of the flow field for streamlined bodies in subsonic and close to transonic flows. A fully embedded approach to solve the full-potential equation is presented, where both the geometry and the wake are defined implicitly with a level set function. Embedded methods allow simplifying the mesh generation process, as only a background mesh is required to perform the analysis. The presented method gives an automatic and fast option to solve subsonic flows, which is especially desirable in optimization workflows.This work has been supported by the European Commission through the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under contract 800898 (ExaQUte project). The authors also acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , through the “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” (CEX2018-000797-S).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

On the Role of a ZDDP in the Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Titanium Alloy against Different Counterbody Materials

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) with ~500–700 nm period were produced on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces upon scan processing in air by a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser. The tribological performance of the surfaces were qualified in linear reciprocating sliding tribological tests against balls made of di erent materials using di erent oil-based lubricants. The corresponding wear tracks were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and confocal profilometry. Extending our previous work, we studied the admixture of the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zinc-dithiophosphate to a base oil containing only anti-oxidants and temperature stabilizers. The presence of this additive along with the variation of the chemical composition of the counterbodies allows us to explore the synergy of the additive with the laser-oxidized nanostructures