A química na educação inclusiva e seus desafios na escola do campo no município de Igarapé Miri

This article aims to build didactic resources in order to contribute to the teaching and learning process of deaf students, in order to help them in chemistry classes at a regular school in the municipality of Igarapé Miri. Thus, the research was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019, with bibliographic research for theoretical foundations and qualitative analysis of the participant type, in which, at first, the quantitative survey of deaf students in 12 schools in the municipality of Igarapé Miri. In the second moment, there was the application of questionnaires, development of teaching materials, experimental activities and recreational games. The results show usefulness in the learning process, even in the face of social factors found during the research equivalent to challenges faced in rural schools, such as the increase in the dropout rate of deaf students in rural and urban schools; lack of accessibility, caregiver, medical report; and even support from the Pedagogical Department of the Municipal Department of Education. The development of pedagogical resources, together with the scientific signs of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), provided moments of affection and greater understanding of scientific content in the classroom. Thus, the interviewees' speeches, with regard to the practices presented, reported that the activities carried out significantly helped and improved the students'understanding of the subject of chemistry, providing the inclusion of students with disabilities in the school environment.Este artículo tiene como objetivo construir recursos didácticos con el fin de contribuir al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes sordos, con el fin de ayudarlos en las clases de química en una escuela regular en el municipio de Igarapé Miri. Así, la investigación se llevó a cabo de agosto de 2018 a julio de 2019, con investigación bibliográfica para fundamentos teóricos y análisis cualitativo de tipo participante, en el que, en un primer momento, se realizó la encuesta cuantitativa de estudiantes sordos en 12 escuelas del municipio de Igarapé Miri. En el segundo momento, se realizó la aplicación de cuestionarios, desarrollo de materiales didácticos, actividades experimentales y juegos recreativos. Los resultados muestran utilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje, incluso frente a factores sociales encontrados durante la investigación equivalentes a desafíos enfrentados en escuelas rurales, como el aumento de la tasa de deserción de estudiantes sordos en escuelas rurales y urbanas; falta de accesibilidad, cuidador, informe médico; e incluso el apoyo del Departamento Pedagógico de la Secretaría Municipal de Educación. El desarrollo de recursos pedagógicos, junto con los signos científicos de la Lengua de Signos Brasileña (Libras), proporcionó momentos de afecto y mayor comprensión de los contenidos científicos en el aula. Así, los discursos de los entrevistados, con relación a las prácticas presentadas, relataron que las actividades realizadas ayudaron y mejoraron significativamente la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre la materia de química, propiciando la inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad en el ámbito escolar.O presente trabalho busca analisar, debater e traçar metodologias que visam contribuir para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula. Dessa forma, a pesquisa foi realizada nos meses de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019, com análises qualitativas e pesquisa-ação, em que, no primeiro momento, foi realizado o levantamento do quantitativo de alunos surdos em 12 escolas do município de Igarapé Miri, pesquisas bibliográficas para a fundamentação teórica, aplicação de questionários, elaboração de materiais pedagógicos, atividades experimentais e jogo lúdico. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi identificado o aumento do índice de evasão escolar de alunos surdos nas escolas do campo e da cidade, devido à falta de acessibilidade, cuidador, laudo médico ou até mesmo do apoio do Departamento Pedagógico da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A elaboração de recursos pedagógicos juntamente com os sinais científicos da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) proporcionou momentos de afetividade e maior compreensão dos conteúdos científicos em sala de aula. Desta forma, as falas dos entrevistados, no que diz respeito às práticas apresentadas, relataram que as atividades realizadas auxiliaram de forma significativa e melhoraram o entendimento dos alunos em relação à disciplina de química, proporcionando a inclusão dos alunos deficientes no meio escolar

Metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem no ensino de Ciências na Escola Euclides Moreira Pontes, Comunidade Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu - Pará

ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.RESUMEN. Este trabajo trata sobre metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje dirigidas a la clase de ciencias en la escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes ubicada en la comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu. La investigación discute la fragmentación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el área de las ciencias que se trabaja de forma tradicional, proponiendo propuestas metodológicas encaminadas a mejorar el aprendizaje. Su objetivo es proponer metodologías en la enseñanza de las ciencias, enfocadas en aspectos educativos, con prácticas educativas que fortalezcan la singularidad histórica del territorio quilombola estudiado. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas siguiendo un guión de aplicación, dirigido a estudiantes y un docente de la disciplina científica, utilizando la observación en las clases de ciencias, participación y desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza como: experimentos, clases prácticas, investigación, juegos, en con el fin de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Al final de este trabajo se pudo observar que la falta de diferenciación de prácticas metodológicas en las clases de ciencias, contribuye a la desmotivación, interés y entusiasmo de los estudiantes, perjudicando todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning.O presente trabalho trata sobre metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem voltadas para o ensino de ciências na escola Euclides Moreira Pontes, comunidade Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu, no Pará, cujo objetivo é propor metodologias no ensino de ciências, voltado para os aspectos educacionais, com práticas educativas que fortifique a singularidade histórica do território quilombola. A pesquisa discute a fragmentação do ensino e aprendizagem na área de ciências que são trabalhadas de forma tradicional, e para propor metodologias, foram realizadas entrevistas seguindo um roteiro de aplicação, direcionadas aos alunos e professores, seguidas de observação durante as aulas, para, por fim, direcionar metodologias eficazes como contributos à disciplina de Ciências (experimentações, aulas práticas, pesquisas, jogos). Ao final deste trabalho, foi possível observar que não há dúvidas que a aplicação de metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem contribui para a motivação, interesse e entusiasmo dos alunos para aprendizagem significativa. Palavras-chave: aulas práticas, práticas educativas, experimentação.   Teaching and learning methodologies in teaching Sciences at Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola Community São Benedito do Vizeu-Pará ABSTRACT. This work deals with teaching and learning methodologies aimed at the science class at the Euclides Moreira Pontes School located in the Quilombola são Benedito do Vizeu community. The research discusses the fragmentation of teaching and learning in the area of sciences that are worked in a traditional way, thus proposing methodological proposals aimed at improving learning. Its objective is to propose methodologies in science education, focused on educational aspects, with educational practices that strengthen the historical singularity of the studied quilombola territory. For data collection, interviews were carried out following an application script, directed to students and a teacher of the science discipline, using observation in science classes, participation and development of new teaching methodologies such as: experiments, practical classes, research, games, in order to improve the teaching-learning process. At the end of this work it was possible to observe that the lack of differentiation of methodological practices in science classes, contributes to the lack of motivation, interest and enthusiasm of the students, harming the whole process of teaching and learning. Keywords: practical classes, educational practices, experimentation.   Metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la enseñanza de Ciencias en Escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes Ubicada en la Comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu-Pará RESUMEN. Este trabajo trata sobre metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje dirigidas a la clase de ciencias en la escuela Euclides Moreira Pontes ubicada en la comunidad Quilombola São Benedito do Vizeu. La investigación discute la fragmentación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el área de las ciencias que se trabaja de forma tradicional, proponiendo propuestas metodológicas encaminadas a mejorar el aprendizaje. Su objetivo es proponer metodologías en la enseñanza de las ciencias, enfocadas en aspectos educativos, con prácticas educativas que fortalezcan la singularidad histórica del territorio quilombola estudiado. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas siguiendo un guión de aplicación, dirigido a estudiantes y un docente de la disciplina científica, utilizando la observación en las clases de ciencias, participación y desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza como: experimentos, clases prácticas, investigación, juegos, en con el fin de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Al final de este trabajo se pudo observar que la falta de diferenciación de prácticas metodológicas en las clases de ciencias, contribuye a la desmotivación, interés y entusiasmo de los estudiantes, perjudicando todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Palabras clave: clases prácticas, prácticas educativas, experimentación

O Ensino de Ciências na Escola do Campo: Um olhar sobre os desafios enfrentados na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Maria Luíza Balieiro Soares

Esta pesquisa analisa o ensino de Ciências na turma do 9º ano da escola Municipal de ensino fundamental, Maria Luíza Balieiro Soares, localizada na comunidade Tapará, no município de Oeiras do Pará. Configura-se como uma pesquisa de campo destinada a entender a concepção que os educandos possuem sobre a disciplina de Ciências e qual a importância desta para estes, questionando, também, de que forma os assuntos dessa disciplina são abordados pelo professor em sala de aula para relacionar com a perspectiva dos discentes como futuros alunos do Ensino Médio no ano de 2019. Traz-se como metodologia um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, com características exploratória e técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados mostram que os alunos apresentam limitação quanto ao entendimento do ensino de ciências e a maioria mencionou que irão sentir dificuldades no Ensino Médio, pois não se sentem preparados devido a aplicação reduzida de conteúdos nos anos finais da Educação Básica. Desta forma, apresentam-se fatores que contribuem para o insucesso no processo ensino-aprendizagem, os quais são necessários discutir com a escola junto à comunidade com objetivo de estabelecer ações que contribuam de forma efetiva para a melhoria do ensino de Ciências

Novel anthraquinone derivatives produced by Pestalotiopsis guepinii, an endophytic of the medicinal plant Virola michelii (Myristicaceae)

Um novo derivado de antraquinona, denominado guepinone (1), juntamente com as conhecidas substâncias isossulocrina (2) e cloroissosulocrina (3) foram isolados de uma cultura em arroz de Pestalotiopsis guepinii, um fungo endofitico de Virola michelii. Os compostos foram identificados pela análise de seus dados espectrométricos de RMN 1D e 2D e EM. A atividade antimicrobiana dos compostos isolados foi avaliada e a cloroisossulcrina (3) foi a mais ativa.ABSTRACT: A new anthraquinone derivative, named guepinone (1), along with the known substances isosulochrin (2) and chloroisosulochrin (3), were isolated from a rice culture of Pestalotiopsis guepinii, an endophytic fungus of Virola michelii. The compounds were identified by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was evaluated and chloroisosulchrin (3) was the most active

(-)-5-Demethoxygrandisin B a New Lignan from <i>Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb.</i> Leaves: Evaluation of the Leishmanicidal Activity by In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

Leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by infection with different Leishmania parasites. The number of medications used for its treatment is still limited and the discovery of new drugs is a valuable approach. In this context, here we describe the in vitro leishmanicidal activity and the in silico interaction between trypanothione reductase (TryR) and (-)-5-demethoxygrandisin B from the leaves of Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. The compound (-)-5-demethoxygrandisin B was isolated from V. surinamensis leaves, a plant found in the Brazilian Amazon, and it was characterized as (7R,8S,7′R,8′S)-3,4,5,3′,4′-pentamethoxy-7,7′-epoxylignan. In vitro antileishmanial activity was examined against Leishmania amazonensis, covering both promastigote and intracellular amastigote phases. Cytotoxicity and nitrite production were gauged using BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy was applied to probe ultrastructural alterations, and flow cytometry assessed the shifts in the mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico methods such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics assessed the interaction between the most stable configuration of (-)-5-demethoxygrandisin B and TryR from L. infantum (PDB ID 2JK6). As a result, the (-)-5-demethoxygrandisin B was active against promastigote (IC50 7.0 µM) and intracellular amastigote (IC50 26.04 µM) forms of L. amazonensis, with acceptable selectivity indexes. (-)-5-demethoxygrandisin B caused ultrastructural changes in promastigotes, including mitochondrial swelling, altered kDNA patterns, vacuoles, vesicular structures, autophagosomes, and enlarged flagellar pockets. It reduced the mitochondria membrane potential and formed bonds with important residues in the TryR enzyme. The molecular dynamics simulations showed stability and favorable interaction with TryR. The compound targets L. amazonensis mitochondria via TryR enzyme inhibition

The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. The rapid spread of the disease surprised the scientific and medical community. Based on the latest reports, news, and scientific articles published, there is no doubt that the coronavirus has overloaded health systems globally. Practical actions against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 require the development and use of tools for discovering new molecular anti-SARS-CoV-2 targets. Thus, this review presents bioinformatics and molecular modeling strategies that aim to assist in the discovery of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Besides, we reviewed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity, since understanding the structures involved in this infection can contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets. Bioinformatics is a technology that assists researchers in coping with diseases by investigating genetic sequencing and seeking structural models of potential molecular targets present in SARS-CoV2. The details provided in this review provide future points of consideration in the field of virology and medical sciences that will contribute to clarifying potential therapeutic targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and virulence of SARS-CoV-2