Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Hydrocephalus With Aqueductal Stenosis

We report 1 female patient with situs inversus, dextrocardia, a complex heart malformation, hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, and abnormal ultrastructure of the respiratory epithelium cilia. Several animal models of this disorder implicate abnormal ciliary function in the genesis of hydrocephalus, and 11 patients were previously reported with hydrocephalus and the syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia. primary ciliary dyskinesia–associated aqueductal stenosis should be considered as a possible cause for fetal or neonatal hydrocephalus if heterotaxy, heart malformations, and/or a probable genetic etiology are present

Spermatocytic Seminoma: Clinical Case and Review

Introdução: O seminoma espermatocítico é um diagnóstico incomum de tumores do testículo, frequentemente exuberantes na sua dimensão, mas com bom prognóstico. Apesar da designação errónea, trata-se de tumores de células germinativas do tipo não-seminoma. Caso Clínico: Descreve-se o caso clínico de um homem de 49 anos de idade, com exuberante aumento de volume escrotal de agravamento recente, à custa de massa indolor do testículo direito. Foi feita ecografia escrotal que mostrou hidrocelo e imagem sugestiva de massa atípica do epidídimo direito. TC torácica, abdominal e pélvica não mostrou adenomegalias retroperitoneais ou outra alteração; os valores de LDH, αFP e βHCG eram normais. Foi feita orquidectomia por via escrotal à direita, com excisão de uma ampla área do escroto. Identificou-se na peça operatória, com 1375g, seminoma espermatocítico com invasão vascular da túnica albugínea (pT2). O doente iniciou quimioterapia com BEP (dois ciclos). Discussão: O seminoma espermatocítico é raro, com cerca de 2% de incidência, o diagnóstico faz-se habitualmente na 6ª década de vida, e tem localização exclusivamente testicular. A orquidectomia é frequentemente curativa. Apesar de estarem descritos tumores de maior volume do que o seminoma clássico, destaca-se neste caso a exuberância clínica incomum pela dimensão do testículo, bem como do hidrocelo que o acompanhava

Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A in Portuguese Women with Recurrent Miscarriage: Is it Worthwhile to Investigate?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutations in Portuguese women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) and a control group of parous women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FVL and PT G20210A analysis were carried out in 100 women with three or more consecutive miscarriages and 100 controls with no history of pregnancy losses. Secondary analysis was made regarding gestational age at miscarriage (embryonic and fetal losses). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of FVL and PT G20210A was similar in women with RM (5 and 3%) compared with controls (5 and 1%) OR 1.36 (CI 95% 0.45-4.08). In RM embryonic subgroup, PT G20210A was observed in 1.3% of women and FVL prevalence (2.6%) was inclusively lesser than that of controls. Both polymorphisms were more prevalent in women with fetal losses than in controls, although statistical significance was not reached due to the small size of the >10 weeks' subgroup. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that neither FVL nor PT G20210A is associated with RM prior to 10 weeks of gestation. Therefore, its screening is not indicated as an initial approach in Portuguese women with embryonic RM and negative personal thromboembolic history

Interdependence between the construction sector and the national economy in developing countries : a special focus on Angola and Mozambique

This research discusses and analyses the role of construction in economicdevelopment in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a special emphasis on Angola andMozambique.This study follows research undertaken by previous writers who have investigatedthe relationship between the construction sector and economic development andfound a direct relationship between the share of construction in gross domesticproduct (GDP) and GDP per capita in an increasing form of per capita income level.Data on construction and economic related sectors spanning generally 22 years areused to model the development pattern of the construction industry in Sub-SaharanAfrican countries for the near future.The statistical sources used in this analysis are drawn from World Bank and UnitedNations publications. Additionally, field study data, including collection ofsecondary data, from Angola and Mozambique are used in detail to complement dataprovided by international sources. The construction sector operating environmentincluding policy changes in the area of general economic policy of these countriesare also addressed in this study.Studies on construction in developing countries have tended to approach theconstruction industry in the context of the process of industrialisation, towards along-term economic growth. It is argued that the new approach should focus theconstruction industry in the general framework of the determinants of growth.This thesis puts forward evidence that a long-term decreasing growth in GDP percapita corresponds directly to a relative decrease in construction volume. Theconverse does not appear to be true. Some implications for public policy for theconcerned countries are discussed

Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis during human fetal pancreas development

Background: The complex endocrine and exocrine functionality of the human pancreas depends on an efficient fluid transport through the blood and the lymphatic vascular systems. The lymphatic vasculature has key roles in the physiology of the pancreas and in regulating the immune response, both important for developing successful transplantation and cell-replacement therapies to treat diabetes. However, little is known about how the lymphatic and blood systems develop in humans. Here, we investigated the establishment of these two vascular systems in human pancreas organogenesis in order to understand neovascularization in the context of emerging regenerative therapies. Methods: We examined angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during human pancreas development between 9 and 22 weeks of gestation (W9-W22) by immunohistochemistry. Results: As early as W9, the peri-pancreatic mesenchyme was populated by CD31-expressing blood vessels as well as LYVE1- and PDPN-expressing lymphatic vessels. The appearance of smooth muscle cell-coated blood vessels in the intra-pancreatic mesenchyme occurred only several weeks later and from W14.5 onwards the islets of Langerhans also became heavily irrigated by blood vessels. In contrast to blood vessels, LYVE1- and PDPN-expressing lymphatic vessels were restricted to the peri-pancreatic mesenchyme until later in development (W14.5-W17), and some of these invading lymphatic vessels contained smooth muscle cells at W17. Interestingly, between W11-W22, most large caliber lymphatic vessels were lined with a characteristic, discontinuous, collagen type IV-rich basement membrane. Whilst lymphatic vessels did not directly intrude the islets of Langerhans, three-dimensional reconstruction revealed that they were present in the vicinity of islets of Langerhans between W17-W22. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the blood and lymphatic machinery in the human pancreas is in place to support endocrine function from W17-W22 onwards. Our study provides the first systematic assessment of the progression of lymphangiogenesis during human pancreatic development

Cardiac Doppler Variation with Volume Status Changes in General Intensive Care

Num grupo de 64 doentes de uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, 24 dos quais submetidos a ventilação mecânica, foi determinada a influência da modificação da volémia nas características do Doppler cardíaco, através da negativização do balanço hídrico e correspondente modificação da pressão venosa central. Com a modificação da volémia, a relação E/A do fluxo transvalvular mitral mostrou uma tendência para reduzir, o tempo de desaceleração da onda E mitral para diminuir, o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico para aumentar, e a veia cava inferior reduziu o seu diâmetro expiratório e aumentou o valor do colapso inspiratório. Não se observou uma correlação significativa entre os valores das variáveis estudadas e a modificação da volémia, inclusivamente entre a pressão venosa central e o balanço hídrico. A modificação da volémia em doentes críticos modifica as características de determinados parâmetros de ecocardiografia- -Doppler, mas não é possível predizer a magnitude dessa variação

Terapia Celular Cardíaca com Células Mesenquimatosas

Cardiovascular disease is among the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite significant advances in medical and interventional therapy, the prognosis of conditions such as ischemic heart disease is still dismal. There is thus a need to investigate new therapeutic tools, one of which is stem cell therapy. Hematopoietic stem cells are the most studied type, and the fact that their biology is relatively well understood has led to their being used in preclinical research and clinical trials. However, the results of some of these studies have been controversial, which has opened the way for studies on other cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells. These cells have immunomodulatory properties which suggest that they have therapeutic potential in cardiology. In the present article, the authors review the state of the art regarding mesenchymal stem cells, from basic and translational research to their use in clinical trials on ischemic heart disease, heart failure and arrhythmias, and discuss possible future uses

Moduli Stabilisation in Heterotic Models with Standard Embedding

In this note we analyse the issue of moduli stabilisation in 4d models obtained from heterotic string compactifications on manifolds with SU(3) structure with standard embedding. In order to deal with tractable models we first integrate out the massive fields. We argue that one can not only integrate out the moduli fields, but along the way one has to truncate also the corresponding matter fields. We show that the effective models obtained in this way do not have satisfactory solutions. We also look for stabilised vacua which take into account the presence of the matter fields. We argue that this also fails due to a no-go theorem for Minkowski vacua in the moduli sector which we prove in the end. The main ingredient for this no-go theorem is the constraint on the fluxes which comes from the Bianchi identity.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX; references adde

Spacetime diffeomorphisms and the geodesic approximation

We present a spacetime diffeomorphism invariant formulation of the geodesic approximation to soliton dynamics