From behaving to being:: the possible authenticity of the child as early dasein

What is childhood? This basic but not less intriguing question guides the present philosophical exercise. However, along the journey, that first question inevitably leads us to some other indispensable queries: What are we able to know about children through the way they behave? Is it ‘what’ they are indeed? If behaviours show us some things, cannot they, at the same time, hide others from us? What is it they are showing or hiding? What is at stake here? Returning to our first and guiding question and paying a little more attention to it, we may realise a very important detail there, which consists in just two letters: the use of the verb be. Most of the times, we ask ‘What is childhood?’ and, a moment later, we turn away and forget what we were primarily looking for. Completely lost and without even noticing it, we eagerly begin our saga in order to produce theories and more theories about childhood. But what have become of the children themselves? Now they are nothing more than objects of our systematic and empirical scientific researches. We have been treating them as machines of behaviour and – with the help of cutting-edge technology – products of our manipulation. This way, we abandon who they are. We ignore their being. If we are truly willing to help them discover their ownmost potentiality-for-being (eigenstes Seinkönnen), that is, their possible authenticity (Eigentlichkeit), then we must face the challenge of receiving them as the Dasein they are

Deteção de anomalias em modelos de publicidade Pay-Per-Click

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia InformáticaNowadays, online advertisement is one of the most effective and profitable marketing strategies. An example of strong growth in online advertisement is the Pay-Per-Click Advertising Model where all parties are benefited. Due to the number of stakeholders and the amount of money involved, it is inevitable to find efficient methods to analyse the validity of clicks on online advertising, specifically in Pay-Per-Click. The confidence of the advertiser is a crucial point to the success of this model. So it is necessary the distinction between the valid and the invalid clicks, made with the intention of generating charges, benefiting directly or indirectly with that action. Therefore, a state of the art about fraud detection techniques in Pay-Per-Click will be presented, as well as the main techniques used to deceive this advertising model. Other related matters were subject of study, such as the relevant data to collect for an accurate analysis of data flow at the servers. It was performed a comparative analysis of different approaches of anomaly detection in order to identify the most suitable for the problem at hand. Using this subarea of Data Mining, very satisfactory results have been achieved, thus concluding that anomaly detection can give a major contribution to the resolution of Pay-Per-Click fraud.Os anúncios online são atualmente uma das estratégias de marketing mais rentáveis e eficientes. Um exemplo de forte crescimento nesta área é o modelo de publicidade Pay-Per-Click, onde todos os intervenientes são beneficiados. Devido ao número de intervenientes e à quantidade de dinheiro envolvido, torna-se inevitável encontrar métodos eficientes para analisar a validade dos cliques efetuados em publicidade online, mais concretamente em sistemas Pay-Per-Click. A confiança do anunciante é um fator crucial para o sucesso deste modelo. Assim, é necessário distinguir os cliques válidos dos inválidos, feitos com a intenção de gerar um débito, beneficiando direta ou indiretamente com essa ação. Deste modo, será apresentado um estado da arte sobre técnicas de deteção de fraude em Pay-Per-Click, assim como as principais técnicas utilizadas para defraudar esse tipo de modelo. Outros assuntos relacionados foram também objeto de estudo, tal como os dados necessários para uma análise precisa do fluxo de dados nos servidores. Foi efetuado uma análise comparativa de diferentes abordagens de deteção de anomalias a fim de identificar quais as mais adequadas para o problema em questão. Com recurso a esta subárea de Data Mining foram alcançados resultados bastantes satisfatórios, concluindo-se assim que a deteção de anomalias pode dar um contributo fundamental para a resolução de fraude em Pay-Per-Click

FUEL PROPERTIES OF FOREST RESIDUES RECOVERED FROM FULL EUCALYPTUS TREE HARVESTING IN DIFFERENT CHIP PRODUCTION SCENARIOS

This study aims to evaluate the fuel properties of forest residues recovered from Eucalyptus saligna and E. urophylla × E. grandis stands at seven years old in five chip production scenarios. A forest inventory was conducted to estimate the dry biomass, followed by full-tree harvesting with minimum stem diameters equal to 8, 10, 12, and 14 cm for pulpwood, as well as the full trees for energy purposes (treatments). Moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash contents, and higher and lower heating values of chips were evaluated. The dry biomass was compared between stands by the t-test (α = 0.05) and the fuel properties were assessed between minimum stem diameters in the same forest stand by the Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Higher chip moisture was obtained in the larger minimum stem diameter, since it showed an increased up to 88% in moisture for the E. urophylla × E. grandis stand. Volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash results showed that the recovered residues of E. saligna were more susceptible to variations in minimum stem diameters, with up to 53% reduction in ash content between the smallest diameter and full trees. Higher and lower heating values showed non-statistical differences between the minimum stem diameters in Eucalyptus stands

MODELING OF FORWARDER PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS IN THINNED PINE STANDS

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of some operational variables on the forwarder productivity and production cost in thinned Pinus taeda L. stands by means of mathematical modeling. This study was carried out in a forest company located at Quedas do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, Brazil. Two stands at 9 and 10 years old from sites with high productivity and similar soil and relief features were studied. A time-motion study was applied to determine the operational cycle time, operational efficiency, productivity, and production costs. By means of mathematical modeling, we verified the influence of the variables: age of stand; cycle time; load volume; and extraction distance on the forwarder productivity and production costs. Models were fitted for estimating the forwarder productivity using cycle time, load volume, and extraction distance. Thus, we obtained the determination adjusted coefficients of 0.88 and 0.94, with an estimate standard error between 6.9% and 13.5%. Models for estimating production cost through the load volume variable presented a determination coefficient of 0.64 and 0.86, with an estimate standard error of 23.1% and 26.7%. Such results have shown the possibility of using mathematical models to estimate the performance of forest machines as a tool for planning the timber harvesting operations

Ecoeficiência agropecuária dos municípios brasileiros seguindo o censo agropecuário de 2017

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Departamento de Administração, 2021.Este trabalho busca, a partir da aplicação dos modelos clássicos de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), CCR e BCC, encontrar as eficiências técnicas e de escala de todos os municípios brasileiros, seguindo os dados do Censo Agropecuário do IBGE de 2017. Serão delimitados outliers, utilizando resultados de supereficiência, seguindo o procedimento BG. O cálculo da eficiência terá variáveis ambientais, portanto se tratará de uma ecoeficiência. Com os resultados encontrados, se busca obter um mapa do Brasil, em que serão representados os municípios de acordo com seus escores de eficiência. Foi encontrado uma baixa eficiência global e alta eficiência de escala, o que define que a causa da ineficiência é a baixa eficiência técnica. Por conta do caráter de ecoeficiência, os municípios mais eficientes estão encontrados na região Norte, onde há legislações para o controle da preservação mais rigorosas.This work intends to calculate, based on the application os the classic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, CCR and BCC, the thecnical efficiency and scale efficiency from all the brazilian municipalities, based on the data collected from the Censo Agropecuário of IBGE 2017. There will be determined outliers, utilizing superefficiency results, following the BG procedure. To calculate the efficiencies, there are going to be used ambiental variables, so the results represents an eco-efficiency. After finding the results, the efficiency will be represented in a map, so that it’s possible to see the efficiency scores throughout the regions. The reults foud where a low global efficiency, but high scale efficiency, hence the inefficiency cause is a low technical efficiency. Due to the eco-efficiency character, the efficient municipalities are concentrated in the North region, where there is more strict legislation to control the preservation

PRÁCTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE JÓVENES Y ADULTOS POTIGUARA DA PARAÍBA

O presente artigo, recorte de pesquisa realizada em nível de doutorado em Educação, objetivou conhecer as práticas pedagógicas dos professores da etnia Potiguara que atuam na modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), no estado da Paraíba, e como estas contribuem no fortalecimento da cultura indígena. De abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: entrevistas semiestruturadas e utilização do diário de campo. Os dados gerados foram trabalhados com base na Análise Crítica do Discurso de Fairclough (2016). Constatamos que a educação contextualizada, o protagonismo indígena, a participação, a criticidade, a organização e o diálogo são elementos presentes e potentes nas práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores indígenas nos territórios Potiguara.This article, part of a research carried out at the doctoral level in Education, aimed to know the pedagogical practices of teachers of the Potiguara ethnicity who work in the Youth and Adult Education (EJA) modality in the state of Paraíba, and how they contribute to the strengthening of indigenous culture. With a qualitative approach, the following techniques were used: semi-structured interviews and the use of a field diary. The generated data were worked with based on Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (2016). We found that contextualized education, indigenous protagonism, participation, criticality, organization and dialogue are present and powerful elements in the pedagogical practices developed by indigenous teachers in Potiguara territories.Este artículo, parte de una investigación realizada en el nivel de doctorado en Educación, tuvo como objetivo conocer las prácticas pedagógicas de docentes de la etnia Potiguara que actúan en la modalidad de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en el estado de Paraíba, y cómo contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la cultura indígena. Con un enfoque cualitativo se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas: entrevistas semiestructuradas y el uso de diario de campo. Los datos generados se basaron en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso de Fairclough (2016). Constatamos que la educación contextualizada, el protagonismo indígena, la participación, la criticidad, la organización y el diálogo están presentes y son elementos poderosos en las prácticas pedagógicas que desarrollan los docentes indígenas en los territorios de Potiguara. &nbsp

Maria Adelaide Fernandes Prata (1822-1881): questões de gênero na poesia de autoria feminina no romantismo português

Devido a algumas lacunas que ainda permeiam os estudos de autoria fe­minina, o presente artigo pretende contribuir com o levantamento biobi­bliográfico de escritoras portuguesas do século XIX apresentando alguns dados biográficos de Maria Adelaide Fernandes Prata (1822-1881). Essa es­critora portuense, apesar de quase totalmente desconhecida hoje, publi­cou alguns livros, colaborou com periódicos e almanaques, foi comentada por seus contemporâneos e teve influente participação cultural no Porto romântico. Por isso, este artigo dedica-se a analisar algumas represen­tações de gênero em sua obra, sobretudo no seu livro Poesias (1859). Se­guindo a metodologia dos estudos de gênero, discute-se como essa autora questiona o sistema de gêneros e procura formas de expressar seus de sejos. Destacam-se exemplos de representações de “amizade romântica” (FADERMAN, 1981) entre mulheres

Elaboration of geographic database : for planning and management of protected areas

Fil: Vedor de Paula, Eduardo. Universidad Federal de Paraná (Brasil)Fil: Lopes de Souza da Paz, Otacílio. Universidad Federal de Paraná (Brasil)Fil: Pereira da Silva, Josemar. Universidad Federal de Paraná (Brasil