Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China

Temperature variations at the Great Wall and Zhongshan stations

Surface meteorological observations have been carried out at the Great Wall station (GW) and Zhongshan station (ZS) from 1984 to 2008 and from 1989 to 2008 respectively. The variation in mean air temperature and its trends are derived from the meteorological observation data recorded at both stations. The warming rate of the annual mean temperature at GW is similar to that at Bellingshausen station, which is about 3 km distant. Thus, the warming trend is representative of the King George Island region. The warming rate of ZS is less different from that at Davis station, which is about 100 km from ZS. It can be said that the meteorological data recorded at both stations are representative of the regions of the King George Island and east coast of the Antarctic

Climate change: Impact on the Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau

The Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau are very sensitive to global climate change. Hence, it is urgent that we improve our understanding of how they respond to climate change, and how those responses in turn affect both regional and global climate. Against a background of current global warming, the three poles display climate diversities temporarily and spatially, which to different degrees affect the weather and climate over China. Enhanced monitoring of climate change in these three areas, as well as connected work on the responses and feedbacks of the three regions to climate change, will provide necessary support for adaptation and the sustainable development of the Chinese economy

The fundamental plane of blazars based on the black hole spin-mass energy

We examine the fundamental plane of 91 Blazars which include FSRQs and BL Lacs with known X-ray luminosity ($L_{R}$), radio luminosity ($L_X$), and black hole mass measurements ($M$) to reflect the relationship between jet and accretion for blazars. The fundamental plane of Blazars are log$L_{R}$=${0.273}_{+0.059}^{-0.059}$log$L_X$+${0.695}_{+0.191}^{-0.191}$log$M$+${25.457}_{+2.728}^{-2.728}$ and log$L_{R}$=${0.190}_{+0.049}^{-0.049}$log$L_X$+${0.475}_{+0.157}^{-0.157}$log$M$+${28.568}_{+2.245}^{-2.245}$ after considering the effect of beam factor. Our results suggest that the jet of blazars has connection with accretion. We set the black hole spin energy as a new variable to correct the black hole mass and explore the effect of black hole spin on the fundamental relationship. We find that the fundamental plane of Blazars is effected by the black hole spin, which is similar to the previous work for AGNs. We additionally examine a new fundamental plane which is based on the black hole spin-mass energy ($M_{spin}$). The new fundamental plane (log$L_{R}$=${0.332}_{+0.081}^{-0.081}$log$L_X$+${0.502}_{+0.091}^{-0.091}$log$M_{spin}$+${22.606}_{+3.346}^{-3.346}$ with R-Square=0.575) shows that $M_{spin}$ has a better correlation coefficient comparing to the $M$ for fundamental plane of Blazars. These results support that the black hole spin should be considered as a important factor for the study of fundamental plane for Blazars. And these may further our understanding of the Blandford-Znajek process in blazars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Validation of total ozone data between satellite and ground-based measurements at Zhongshan and Syowa stations in Antarctica

We present validation between total ozone from satellite and ground-based observations of the Dobson and Brewer spectrometers and ozone radiosonde at Zhongshan and Syowa Antarctic research stations, for September 2004 to March 2009. Results show that mean bias error between Zhongshan (Syowa) and Ozone Monitor Instrument Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (OMI-TOMS) data are −0.06%±3.32% (−0.44%±2.41%); between it and OMI Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (OMI-DOAS) data, the error is −0.34%±4.99% (−0.22%±4.85%). Mean absolute bias error values of OMI-TOMS data are less than those of OMI-DOAS. This means that total ozone of OMI-TOMS is closer to ground-based observation than that of OMI-DOAS. Comparison between direct observational total ozone of ground-based and integrated ozone from the ozone profile measured by ozone radiosonde shows that ozone amount calculated with the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) method above balloon burst height is similar to corresponding Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data. Therefore, MLS data can be substituted with SBUV data to estimate ozone amount above that level. Mean bias error of the MLS ozone column is 2% compared with the ozonesonde column, with standard deviation within 9.5%. Comparison of different layers from ozone profiler and MLS data indicates that at the 215 hPa layer, the MLS ozone value is high, with relative deviation more than 20%. At the 100 hPa and 68 hPa layers, the MLS ozone value is also high. This deviation is mainly in spring, during Antarctic ozone hole appearance. In this period, at the height of severe ozone loss, relative deviation of MLS ozone values is especially large

Diverse associations between pancreatic intra-, inter-lobular fat and the development of type 2 diabetes in overweight or obese patients

Pancreatic fat is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the relationship between different types of pancreatic fat and diabetes status remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of different types of pancreatic fat accumulation as a risk factor for T2DM in overweight or obese patients. In total, 104 overweight or obese patients were recruited from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), and T2DM. mDixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect pancreatic fat in all three groups of patients. The pancreatic head fat (PHF), body fat (PBF), and tail fat (PTF) in the IFG/IGT group were 21, 20, and 31% more than those in the NGT group, respectively. PHF, PBF, and PTF were positively associated with glucose metabolic dysfunction markers in the NGT group, and inter-lobular fat volume (IFV) was positively associated with these markers in the IFG/IGT group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for PHF, PBF, and PTF (used to evaluate their diagnostic potential for glucose metabolic dysfunction) were 0.73, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively, while those for total pancreatic volume (TPV), pancreatic parenchymal volume, IFV, and IFV/TPV were 0.67, 0.67, 0.66, and 0.66, respectively. These results indicate that intra-lobular pancreatic fat, including PHF, PTF, and PBF, may be a potential independent risk factor for the development of T2DM. Additionally, IFV exacerbates glucose metabolic dysfunction. Intra-lobular pancreatic fat indices were better than IFV for the diagnosis of glucose metabolic dysfunction

Factors influencing householder self-evacuation in two Australian bushfires

The thesis investigated householder self-evacuation decision-making during bushfires in the Perth and Adelaide Hills in 2014 and 2015. It explored the factors that influenced householders’ decisions to evacuate, identified factors that predict self-evacuation and established the characteristics of self-evacuators. The Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) provided a conceptual framework for the research. Its theoretical and analytical usefulness in an Australian context, was assessed. A mixed methods research strategy was used involving quantitative telephone surveys of 457 bushfire-affected participants and face-to-face interviews of 109 participants in 59 households. The study concluded that environmental and social cues and warnings and householders’ perceptions of the threat, of hazard adjustments and of other stakeholders, influenced self-evacuation decision-making. Protective action perceptions, particularly the effectiveness of evacuating or not evacuating in protecting personal safety or property, were most important in predicting self-evacuation. Receipt of official warnings and the perception of likely impact of the bushfire on property were also important predictors. Undertaking long-run hazard adjustments, although not predictive of self-evacuation, was pivotal in shaping perceptions of the effectiveness of evacuating and remaining in protecting personal safety and property and indirectly influenced evacuation decisions. Seven archetypes that characterised householders’ self-evacuation attitudes and behaviour were identified. These included Threat, and Responsibility Deniers, Dependent, and Considered Evacuators, Community Guided and Experienced Independents all who took different decisional ‘rules of thumb’ and routes toward evacuating or remaining . The PADM needs to be split into two separate models to incorporate the influence of long-run hazard adjustments on protective action decision-making in an Australian bushfire. The findings suggest that future research on those who wait and see during a bushfire should take account of their decisional rules of thumb and that design and targeting of Australian bushfire safety policy should better account for self-evacuator characteristics