Hidrólise enzimática de lipídeos presentes em efluentes

Os efluentes de indústrias alimentícias têm como principais constituintes os lipídeos, caracterizados por óleos, gorduras e ácidos graxos livres. Esses compostos, quando não tratados adequadamente, causam danos severos ao meio ambiente, como a formação de filmes de óleo e espumas nas superfícies aquáticas, flotação da biomassa, toxicidade a determinados microrganismos, e em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes, pela degradação natural destes lipídios ser um processo biológico muito lento, acabam comprometendo a eficiência destes sistemas. Processos alternativos têm sido utilizados na redução da concentração de lipídeos nos efluentes por meio da ação de enzimas lipolíticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter as condições ótimas do processo de hidrólise enzimática de lipídeos, variando pH (5, 7 e 9), temperatura (25, 35 e 45 ºC) e concentração da enzima lipase (0,3, 0,5 e 0,7%). Como fonte lipídica, utilizou-se óleo de soja e para a análise dos resultados, montou-se um planejamento fatorial tipo estrela 2³, com triplicata do ponto central. Como resposta utilizou-se o teor de acidez volátil, medido por potenciometria. Os resultados mostraram que, para as condições estudadas, a hidrólise do óleo de soja através da lipase, não mostrou-se estatisticamente significante, com um nível de significância de 5%, para os parâmetros estudados, e para 10% de significância, o pH linear apresentou efeito significativo

Vitamin D3 as adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of genomic and biochemical instability

Erratum in - Corrigendum: Vitamin D3 as adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of genomic and biochemical instability. Fagundes GE, Macan TP, Rohr P, Damiani AP, Da Rocha FR, Pereira M, Longaretti LM, Vilela TC, Ceretta LB, Mendes C, Silveira PCL, Teixeira JPF, de Andrade VM. Mutagenesis. 2019 May 29;34(2):215. doi: 10.1093/mutage/gez006.Type 2 diabetes mellitus has undergone a worldwide growth in incidence in the world and has now acquired epidemic status. There is a strong link between type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. Because vitamin D has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D3 supplementation on the modulation of glycaemic control and other metabolic effects, as well as modulation of genomic instability in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated 75 patients with type 2 diabetes, registered in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Southern Santa Catarina. Participants received 4000 IU of vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) supplementation daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation, and 4 weeks after the end of supplementation. The glycidic and lipid profiles [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides], oxidative stress, DNA damage and 25(OH)D levels were evaluated. Vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks showed enough to significantly increase blood levels of 25(OH)D. A significant difference in lipid profile was observed only in non-HDL cholesterol. Significant changes were observed in glucose homeostasis (fasting glucose and serum insulin) and, in addition, a reduction in the parameters of oxidative stress and DNA damage. There was a significant reduction in the values of 25(OH)D 4 weeks after the end of the supplementation, but levels still remained above baseline. Use of vitamin D supplementation can be an ally in the health modulation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusThis work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde/ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of primaquine and chloroquine on oxidative stress parameters in rats

Primaquine and chloroquine are used for the treatment of malaria; evidence from the literature suggests that these drugs may induce oxidative stress. In this study we investigated the effects of primaquine and chloroquine on oxidative damage and DNA damage in brain, liver and kidney of rats after 7, 14 and 21 days of administration. Our results demonstrated that primaquine causes DNA damage in brain after 7, 14 and 21 days, and in liver after 7 and 14 days. Moreover, primaquine increases TBARS levels in the kidney and protein carbonyls in the brain after 14 days, and decreases protein carbonyls in the liver after 7 days. Whereas chloroquine causes DNA damage in the kidney after 7 and 14 days, and in the liver after 14 and 21 days, increases TBARS levels in the kidney after 7 days, and decreases TBARS levels in the brain after 21 days. Moreover, decreases protein carbonyls in the liver after 7 and 14 days, and in the brain after 7 and 21 days. However, chloroquine treatment for 14 days increases protein carbonyls in the brain and kidney. In conclusion, these results showed that prolonged treatment with antimalarial may adversely affect the DNA