Redetermination of 3-(ammonio­meth­yl)pyridinium dichloride

The crystal structure of the title compound, C6H10N2 2+·2Cl−, has been reported previously in the non-standard setting P21/a [Genet (1965 ▶). Bull. Soc. Fr. Miner. Crist. 88, 463–470], with an R value of 0.16. The current redetermination improves significantly the precision of the geometric parameters. In the crystal packing, cations and anions are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

New Perspectives on Chinese Herbal Medicine (Zhong-Yao) Research and Development

Synthetic chemical drugs, while being efficacious in the clinical management of many diseases, are often associated with undesirable side effects in patients. It is now clear that the need of therapeutic intervention in many clinical conditions cannot be satisfactorily met by synthetic chemical drugs. Since the research and development of new chemical drugs remain time-consuming, capital-intensive and risky, much effort has been put in the search for alternative routes for drug discovery in China. This narrative review illustrates various approaches to the research and drug discovery in Chinese herbal medicine. Although this article focuses on Chinese traditional drugs, it is also conducive to the development of other traditional remedies and innovative drug discovery

A 1-hydroxy-2,4-diformylnaphthalene-based fluorescent probe and its detection of sulfites/bisulfite

A novel 1-hydroxy-2,4-diformylnaphthalene-based fluorescent probe L was synthesized by a Knoevenagel reaction and exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards sulfite ions (SO32−) and bisulfite ions (HSO3−). The detection limits of the probe L were 0.24 μM using UV-Vis spectroscopy and 9.93 nM using fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the fluorescent probe L could be utilized for detection in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries in the range 99.20%~104.30% in lake water and 100.00%~104.80% in tap water by UV-Vis absorption spectrometry, and in the range 100.50%~108.60% in lake water and 102.70%~103.80% in tap water by fluorescence spectrophotometry

Bis[μ-2-(2,4-difluoro­phen­yl)-1,3-bis­(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-olato]dicopper(II) bis­(perchlorate)

The title complex, [Cu2(C13H11F2N6O)2](ClO4)2, which was hydro­thermally synthesized, contains a binuclear copper cluster (2 symmetry) with a Cu2O2 rhombus [Cu—O = 1.927 (2) Å] formed by donation of two O atoms from two chelate rings. The tridentate function of each ligand is completed by two N atoms coordinated to the two CuII atoms [Cu—N = 1.933 (2) Å]. The separation distance of two CuII atoms in a cluster is 2.988 (1) Å. The dihedral angle between the six-membered chelate rings is 2.13 (9)°. The perchlorate counter-anion is disordered over two sites in a 0.58 (10):0.42 (10) ratio

A regulatory mutant on TRIM26 conferring the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inducing low immune response.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is most closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the complexity of its genome structure has proven challenging for the discovery of causal MHC loci or genes. We conducted a targeted MHC sequencing in 40 Cantonese NPC patients followed by a two-stage replication in 1065 NPC cases and 2137 controls of Southern Chinese descendent. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) was used to detect gene expression status in 108 NPC and 43 noncancerous nasopharyngeal (NP) samples. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to assess the transcription factor binding site. We discovered that a novel SNP rs117565607_A at TRIM26 displayed the strongest association (OR = 1.909, Pcombined = 2.750 × 10-19 ). We also observed that TRIM26 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissue samples with genotype AA/AT than TT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) test also found the TRIM26 protein expression in NPC tissue samples with the genotype AA/AT was lower than TT. According to computational prediction, rs117565607 locus was a binding site for the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). We observed that the luciferase activity of YY1 which is binding to the A allele of rs117565607 was suppressed. ChIP data showed that YY1 was binding with T not A allele. Significance analysis of microarray suggested that TRIM26 downregulation was related to low immune response in NPC. We have identified a novel gene TRIM26 and a novel SNP rs117565607_A associated with NPC risk by regulating transcriptional process and established a new functional link between TRIM26 downregulation and low immune response in NPC