Query complexity for searching multiple marked states from an unsorted database

An important and usual problem is to search all states we want from a database with a large number of states. In such, recall is vital. Grover's original quantum search algorithm has been generalized to the case of multiple solutions, but no one has calculated the query complexity in this case. We will use a generalized algorithm with higher precision to solve such a search problem that we should find all marked states and show that the practical query complexity increases with the number of marked states. In the end we will introduce an algorithm for the problem on a ``duality computer'' and show its advantage over other algorithms.Comment: 4 pages,4 figures,twocolum

Density Matrix in Quantum Mechanics and Distinctness of Ensembles Having the Same Compressed Density Matrix

We clarify different definitions of the density matrix by proposing the use of different names, the full density matrix for a single-closed quantum system, the compressed density matrix for the averaged single molecule state from an ensemble of molecules, and the reduced density matrix for a part of an entangled quantum system, respectively. We show that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix can be physically distinguished by observing fluctuations of various observables. This is in contrast to a general belief that ensembles with the same compressed density matrix are identical. Explicit expression for the fluctuation of an observable in a specified ensemble is given. We have discussed the nature of nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing. We show that the conclusion that there is no quantum entanglement in the current nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing experiment is based on the unjustified belief that ensembles having the same compressed density matrix are identical physically. Related issues in quantum communication are also discussed.Comment: 26 pages. To appear in Foundations of Physics, 36 (8), 200

Activated sludge studies, 1920-1922

At head of title: State of Illinois. Department of registration and education. Division of the state water survey. A.M. Buswell, chief...Bibliography: p.113-115.Enumeration continues from preceding title

Thermal Unparticles: A New Form of Energy Density in the Universe

Unparticle \U with scaling dimension d_\U has peculiar thermal properties due to its unique phase space structure. We find that the equation of state parameter \omega_\U, the ratio of pressure to energy density, is given by 1/(2d_\U +1) providing a new form of energy in our universe. In an expanding universe, the unparticle energy density \rho_\U(T) evolves dramatically differently from that for photons. For d_\U >1, even if \rho_\U(T_D) at a high decoupling temperature $T_D$ is very small, it is possible to have a large relic density \rho_\U(T^0_\gamma) at present photon temperature $T^0_\gamma$, large enough to play the role of dark matter. We calculate $T_D$ and \rho_\U(T^0_\gamma) using photon-unparticle interactions for illustration.Comment: 5 pages; v3, journal version

The Landau Pole and Z′Z^{\prime} decays in the 331 bilepton model

We calculate the decay widths and branching ratios of the extra neutral boson $Z^{\prime}$ predicted by the 331 bilepton model in the framework of two different particle contents. These calculations are performed taken into account oblique radiative corrections, and Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) under the ansatz of Matsuda as a texture for the quark mass matrices. Contributions of the order of $10^{-1}-10^{-2}$ are obtained in the branching ratios, and partial widths about one order of magnitude bigger in relation with other non- and bilepton models are also obtained. A Landau-like pole arise at 3.5 TeV considering the full particle content of the minimal model (MM), where the exotic sector is considered as a degenerated spectrum at 3 TeV scale. The Landau pole problem can be avoid at the TeV scales if a new leptonic content running below the threshold at $$ TeV is implemented as suggested by other authors.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2

Lensing at cosmological scales: a test of higher dimensional gravity

Recent developments in gravitational lensing astronomy have paved the way to genuine mappings of the gravitational potential at cosmological scales. We stress that comparing these data with traditional large scale structure surveys will provide us with a test of gravity at such scales. These constraints could be of great importance in the framework of higher dimensional cosmological models.Comment: 4 pages, latex, 3 figure

Changing culture: Factors influencing sea turtle egg consumption in Redang Island, Malaysia

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Bounds on the dipole moments of the tau-neutrino via the process e+e−→ννˉγe^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \nu \bar \nu \gamma in a 331 model

We obtain limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the $\nu_{\tau}$ through the reaction $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \nu \bar \nu \gamma$ and in the framework of a 331 model. We consider initial-state radiation, and neglect $W$ and photon exchange diagrams. The results are based on the data reported by the L3 Collaboration at LEP, and compare favorably with the limits obtained in other models, complementing previous studies on the dipole moments.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, to be published in The European Physical J C. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:hep-ph/060527

Probing Sub-Micron Forces by Interferometry of Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms

We propose a technique, using interferometry of Bose-Einstein condensed alkali atoms, for the detection of sub-micron-range forces. It may extend present searches at 1 micron by 6 to 9 orders of magnitude, deep into the theoretically interesting regime of 1000 times gravity. We give several examples of both four-dimensional particles (moduli), as well as higher-dimensional particles -- vectors and scalars in a large bulk-- that could mediate forces accessible by this technique.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4, expanded discussion of interactions, references added, to appear in PR

Changes in Serological Immunology Measures in UK and Kenyan Adults Post-controlled Human Malaria Infection.

Background: The timing of infection is closely determined in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies, and as such they provide a unique opportunity to dissect changes in immunological responses before and after a single infection. The first Kenyan Challenge Study (KCS) (Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR20121100033272) was performed in 2013 with the aim of establishing the CHMI model in Kenya. This study used aseptic, cryopreserved, attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites administered by needle and syringe (PfSPZ Challenge) and was the first to evaluate parasite dynamics post-CHMI in individuals with varying degrees of prior exposure to malaria. Methods: We describe detailed serological and functional immunological responses pre- and post-CHMI for participants in the KCS and compare these with those from malaria-naïve UK volunteers who also underwent CHMI (VAC049) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01465048) using PfSPZ Challenge. We assessed antibody responses to three key blood-stage merozoite antigens [merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), apical membrane protein 1 (AMA1), and reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5)] and functional activity using two candidate measures of anti-merozoite immunity; the growth inhibition activity (GIA) assay and the antibody-dependent respiratory burst activity (ADRB) assay. Results:Clear serological differences were observed pre- and post-CHMI by ELISA between malaria-naïve UK volunteers in VAC049, and Kenyan volunteers who had prior malaria exposure. Antibodies to AMA1 and schizont extract correlated with parasite multiplication rate (PMR) post-CHMI in KCS. Serum from volunteer 110 in KCS, who demonstrated a dramatically reduced PMR in vivo, had no in vitro GIA prior to CHMI but the highest level of ADRB activity. A significant difference in ADRB activity was seen between KCS volunteers with minimal and definite prior exposure to malaria and significant increases were seen in ADRB activity post-CHMI in Kenyan volunteers. Quinine and atovaquone/proguanil, previously assumed to be removed by IgG purification, were identified as likely giving rise to aberrantly high in vitro GIA results. Conclusions: The ADRB activity assay is a promising functional assay that warrants further investigation as a measure of prior exposure to malaria and predictor of control of parasite growth. The CHMI model can be used to evaluate potential measures of naturally-acquired immunity to malaria