Kvalitativni i kvantitativni sastav zajednice bentosa u proceni kvaliteta vode reke Neretve na lokalitetima Višići i Žitomišlići

This paper is a result of the research of the river Neretva benthos at sites Zitomislici and Visici (downstream of Mostar) from 2005. to 2010. The sampling was done once a year, and 'kick-sampling' sampling was used for macrointervertebrates, while the samples for the analysis of the phytobenthos composition were scraped from the sediment with a scalpel or run-off from the sediment (standard EN 13946: 2003 Water quality – Guidance). Results of the analysis point to 62 algae taxa at site Zitomislici and 69 at site Visici. Macrointervertebrates benthos composition points on dominance of snails and sensible groups of larvae stages of the EPT insect groups. Saprobic values of both biological factors are relatively balanced and for the river Neretva, at site Zitomislici, point to oligo/betamesosaprobe level, while at site Visici they point to betamesosaprobe level of quality

Caloric Restriction Suppresses Microglial Activation and Prevents Neuroapoptosis Following Cortical Injury in Rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread cause of death and a major source of adult disability. Subsequent pathological events occurring in the brain after TBI, referred to as secondary injury, continue to damage surrounding tissue resulting in substantial neuronal loss. One of the hallmarks of the secondary injury process is microglial activation resulting in increased cytokine production. Notwithstanding that recent studies demonstrated that caloric restriction (CR) lasting several months prior to an acute TBI exhibits neuroprotective properties, understanding how exactly CR influences secondary injury is still unclear. The goal of the present study was to examine whether CR (50% of daily food intake for 3 months) alleviates the effects of secondary injury on neuronal loss following cortical stab injury (CSI). To this end, we examined the effects of CR on the microglial activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 expression in the ipsilateral (injured) cortex of the adult rats during the recovery period (from 2 to 28 days) after injury. Our results demonstrate that CR prior to CSI suppresses microglial activation, induction of TNF-α and caspase-3, as well as neurodegeneration following injury. These results indicate that CR strongly attenuates the effects of secondary injury, thus suggesting that CR may increase the successful outcome following TBI

MKS3/TMEM67 mutations are a major cause of COACH syndrome, a joubert syndrome related disorder with liver involvement

The acronym COACH defines an autosomal recessive condition of Cerebellar vermis hypo/ aplasia, Oligophrenia, congenital Ataxia, Coloboma and Hepatic fibrosis. Patients present the “molar tooth sign”, a midbrain-hindbrain malformation pathognomonic for Joubert Syndrome (JS) and Related Disorders (JSRDs). The main feature of COACH is congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), resulting from malformation of the embryonic ductal plate. CHF is invariably found also in Meckel syndrome (MS), a lethal ciliopathy already found to be allelic with JSRDs at the CEP290 and RPGRIP1L genes. Recently, mutations in the MKS3 gene (approved symbol TMEM67), causative of about 7% MS cases, have been detected in few Meckel-like and pure JS patients. Analysis of MKS3 in 14 COACH families identified mutations in 8 (57%). Features such as colobomas and nephronophthisis were found only in a subset of mutated cases. These data confirm COACH as a distinct JSRD subgroup with core features of JS plus CHF, which major gene is MKS3, and further strengthen gene-phenotype correlates in JSRDs

Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the maxilla – a case report

© 2017, Institut za Vojnomedicinske Naucne Informacije/Documentaciju. All rights reserved. Introduction. Bisphosphonates are a group of medications which have an important role in the treatment of some bone diseases. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. The mechanism of action by which they may cause osteonecrosis is questionable. BRONJ is defined by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) and classified into four stages (0-3). Treatment of BRONJ depends on the stage of disease and includes conservative treatment (stage 0 and 1) and surgical treatment (surgical debridement in stage 2 and sequestrectomy in stage 3). Case report. We presented a patient who had breast cancer, with stage 3 of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the upper jaw after zoledronic acid therapy for diffuse metastasis of the vertebrae. Before the treatment with zoledronic acid the patient was treated by a dentist. The osteonecrosis of the upper jaw started a year and a half after the start of zoledronic acid therapy and after tooth 24 extraction. She was treated by an oral surgeon at the beginning according to the protocol of AAOMS. The patient was sent to a maxillofacial surgeon due to the disease progression, and after computed tomography (CT) examination resection of the upper jaw was done. Conclusion. BRONJ is a condition with the specific clinical presentation, and it can be very serious for the patient, therefore it is necessary to emphasize the importance of screening. The doctors in different specialties (oncologist, dentist, oral surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon) must cooperate and control the patients under treatment with bisphosphonates before the therapy starts, as well as during and after it, in order to prevent, recognize on time and treat properly this complication

Cone-beam computed tomography study of the root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth in Serbian population

© 2018, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. The aim of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics, the number of roots and number of root canals of mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, and the relationship of these characteristics with the sex and the jaw side where the tooth is located, in the Serbian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of a total of 902 mandible front teeth, including 296 central incisors, 294 lateral incisors and 312 canines were analyzed in the database. For assessing the morphology of the root canal, Vertucci method of classification was used. Central incisors had two canals in 27%, similar as lateral incisor which had two canals in 26.5%. Mandibular canines had two canals in 7.1% and there was a significant difference between genders. The most prevalent root canal configuration type in all mandibular anterior teeth was type I. In the groups of mandibular incisors with two root canals the most common was type III. In the group of mandibular canines with two root canals, type V had the greatest occurrence. Most mandibular anterior teeth had one root canal. Two root canals were found in 27% of the mandibular incisors. There is a significant difference in root morphology between genders. It is important for dental practitioner to expect different morphological variations when performing endodontic treatment. More studies are needed to further define morphological characteristics of roots of mandibular anterior teeth in Serbian population