Chemoselective C-benzoylation of phenols by using AlCl3 under solvent-free conditions

Substituted phenols were chemo-selectively reacted with benzoylchloride in presence of aluminum chloride under solvent-free condition to afford the corresponding 2'-hydroxy aryl benzophenones in excellent yields (72-96%). Naphthol benzoylation resulted in lower yields as compared to phenols. Both reactions completed in 5-10 min with quantitative yields providing excellent control over regioselectivity of products. KEY WORDS: Chemoselective C-acylation, F-C reaction, Fries rearrangement Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2015, 29(2), 319-325DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i2.1

Decorrelation of Lung and Heart Sound

Abstract— Signal separation is very useful where several signals have been mixed together to form combined signal and our objective is to recover individual original component signals from that combined signal. One of the major problem in neural network and research in other disciplines is finding a suitable representation of multivariate data, i.e. random vectors. For concept and computational simplicity representation is in terms of linear transformation of the original data. This means that each component of the representation is a linear combination of the original variables. There are linear transformation methods such as principal component analysis and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA is a recently developed method in which the goal is to find a linear representation of non-gaussian data so that the components are statistically independent or as independent as possible. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150615

A convenient method for lactonization of α-allyl esters using iodine in dimethyl- sulphoxide

A simple method for the synthesis of α-γ-disubstituted-γ-butyrolactones by cyclization of α-allyl esters using iodine in dimethylsulphoxide is reported. This method is efficient and operationally simple in comparison to methods using transition metal complexes. KEY WORDS: γ-Butyrolactones, α-Allyl esters, Iodine, Dimethyl sulphoxide Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014, 28(3), 469-473.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i3.1

THERMODYNAMICS OF UNI-UNIVALENT ION EXCHANGE REACTIONS USING STRONGLY ACIDIC CATION EXCHANGE RESIN TULSION T-46

Abstract The study on thermodynamics of ion exchange equilibrium for uni-univalent H + / Na + and H + / K + reaction systems was carried out using strongly acidic cation exchange resin Tulsion T-46. The equilibrium constant K calculated for uni-univalent ion exchange reaction systems were observed to increase with rise in temperature indicating the endothermic ion exchange reactions having the enthalpy values 4.19 and 3.80 kJ /mol respectively

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield and aflatoxin accumulation responses to exogenous glycinebetaine application

Abstract Exogenously applied glycinebetaine (GB) accumulates at high levels in maize (Zea mays L.). Under water deficit and high temperature conditions GB application produces yield benefits. These sub-optimum conditions often result in high levels of aflatoxin accumulation which reduces grain quality. A 3-year (2008, 2009 and 2010) field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of GB on maize yield and aflatoxin accumulation. Weekly and alternate weekly GB application increased plant biomass by 10 and 13%, respectively. Net photosynthesis increased by 6% with GB application; however, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and electron transport rate were not significantly affected. Grain yield increased by 6 and 13% with GB applied alternate weekly and weekly, respectively, over control plots averaged over years. GB application resulted in a trend of reduced aflatoxin accumulation in inoculated ears compared with non-inoculated controls in 2009 and 2010; however, inherent field and sampling variation did not allow us to conclude statistically any advantage attributable to GB application. We can conclude that GB did not significantly reduce aflatoxin production in the inoculated treatments

Synthesis and evaluation of analgesic, anti-asthmatic activity of (E)-1-(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1 ones

Abstract Seventeen (E)-1-(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1 one derivatives were synthesized via aldol condensation of substituted benzaldehydes with quinoline chalcones starting from 8-hydroxy quinoline. Molecular docking studies were performed on COX-2 protein for analgesic activity and PDE 4 enzyme for anti-asthmatic activity. Docking studies for analgesic activity reveal that the compounds 2 , 4 , 12 , 14 , and 15 showed significant interaction in terms of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic attachment and van der Waal interaction with COX-2. The docking studies and pharmacological screening indicate that substitution of hydroxyl and conjugated ketone groups on the aldehyde ring and the quinoline ring accelerates analgesia with better binding to active site. Eddy's hot plate method was used to evaluate analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds. Compounds showed a substantial increase in reaction time when compared with standard pentazocin. Compounds 2 , 4 , 7 , 9 and 13 showed significant binding interactions with PDE 4 enzyme and hence were selected for evaluation of anti-asthmatic activity using the goat tracheal chain method. Studies reveal that substitution of the methoxy group at 4th & 5th positions for compounds 2 , 4 & 7 leads to significant percentage inhibition of histamine induced contraction. The synthesized compounds are thus found to be potent as analgesic and anti-asthmatic agents