Grundlegende Konstruktionsrichtlinien für das Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Um es Konstruierenden zu ermöglichen, Bauteile WAAM-gerecht gestalten zu können, sind Konstruktionsrichtlinien notwendig, die Restriktionen und Freiheiten des Fertigungsprozesses gezielt zusammenfassen. In diesem Artikel werden in der Literatur vorhandene Grenzwerte dargestellt und Forschungspotentiale aufgezeigt.In order to enable designers to design components in a WAAM-compatible manner, design guidelines are necessary that specify the restrictions and freedoms of the manufacturing process. In this article, a literature review is conducted to present existing limit values and research potentials are identified

Der Querelastizitätsmodul kunststoffummantelter Drahtseile

In dem Forschungsprojekt „Lifetime Coated Ropes“ ist die Eignung kunststoffummantelter Drahtseile für die Mehrlagenwicklung untersucht worden. Eine wichtige Untersuchung war die Ermittlung des Querelastizitätsmoduls, sowie der Einfluss des Kunststoffmantels auf die Quersteifigkeit. Hier wird auf die Untersuchungsergebnisse des einlagigen Seils eingegangen.In the research project "Lifetime Coated Ropes", the applicability of plastic-coated wire ropes for multi-layer spooling has been examined. An important part of the examination was the determination of the lateral modulus of elasticity, as well as the influence of the plastic coating on the lateral stiffness. Here we discuss the findings of the examination on single layer ropes

Messung der Relativbewegung zwischen einer Achse und Nabe

Das IMW war an der maschinenakustischen Ursachenfindung von knackenden Geräuschen in einer Industrieanlage beteiligt. Aufgrund des geringen zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraums ist ein Sensor entwickelt worden, der die Relativbewegung zwischen einer Achse und Nabe messen kann. Als Ursache für die Geräuschentwicklung konnte mit der Messung eine diskontinuierliche axiale Relativbewegung an der äußeren Nabenkante nachgewiesen werden.The IMW was involved in identifying the origin of cracking noises in an industrial plant. Due to the limited space available, a sensor was developed that can measure the relative movement between an axle and hub. A discontinuous sliding movement on the outer edge of the hub can be detected as the cause of the noise

CAD-Umstellung am IMW

CAx- und PDM-Systeme unterstützen heute verschiedene Aufgaben im Entwicklungsprozess und stellen vielfältige Funktionen zur Erstellung und Analyse von Produktmodellen sowie der Handhabung von Produktinformationen bereit. Im Rahmen der Neukonzeption der CAD-Lehre wurde am IMW ein neues CAx- und PDM-System eingeführt. Durch diese Umstellung soll eine praxisnahe Ausbildung von CAD-Grundkenntnissen und erweiterten Techniken der virtuellen Produktentwicklung vermittelt werden.CAx and PDM systems support various tasks within the development process and provide a wide range of functions for generating and analyzing product models as well as handling product information. As part of the redesign of CAD teaching, a new CAx and PDM system was introduced at IMW. Through this conversion, a practical training of CAD basic knowledge and advanced techniques of virtual product development shall be taught

Influence of normal and radial contributions of local current density on local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

A new tri-electrode probe is presented and applied to local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) measurements. As opposed to two-probe systems, the three-probe one allows measurement not only of normal, but also of radial contributions of local current densities to the local impedance values. The results concerning the cases of the blocking electrode and the electrode with faradaic reaction are discussed from the theoretical point of view for a disk electrode. Numerical simulations and experimental results are compared for the case of the ferri/ferrocyanide electrode reaction at the Pt working electrode disk. At the centre of the disk, the impedance taking into account both normal and radial contributions was in good agreement with the local impedance measured in terms of only the normal contribution. At the periphery of the electrode, the impedance taking into account both normal and radial contributions differed significantly from the local impedance measured in terms of only the normal contribution. The radial impedance results at the periphery of the electrode are in good agreement with the usual explanation that the associated larger current density is attributed to the geometry of the electrode, which exhibits a greater accessibility at the electrode edge

Distribution maps of cetacean and seabird populations in the North‐East Atlantic

1. Distribution maps of cetaceans and seabirds at basin and monthly scales are needed for conservation and marine management. These are usually created from standardized and systematic aerial and vessel surveys, with recorded animal den- sities interpolated across study areas. However, distribution maps at basin and monthly scales have previously not been possible because individual surveys have restricted spatial and temporal coverage. 2. This study develops an alternative approach consisting of: (a) collating diverse survey data to maximize spatial and temporal coverage, (b) using detection func- tions to estimate variation in the surface area covered (km2) among these surveys, standardizing measurements of effort and animal densities, and (c) developing species distribution models (SDM) that overcome issues with heterogeneous and uneven coverage. 3. 2.68 million km of survey data in the North-East Atlantic between 1980 and 2018 were collated and standardized. SDM using Generalized Linear Models and General Estimating Equations in a hurdle approach were developed. Distribution maps were then created for 12 cetacean and 12 seabird species at 10 km and monthly resolution. Qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated good model performance. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study provides the largest ever collation and standardization of diverse survey data for cetaceans and seabirds, and the most comprehensive distribution maps of these taxa in the North-East Atlantic. These distribution maps have numerous applications including the identification of im- portant areas needing protection, and the quantification of overlap between vul- nerable species and anthropogenic activities. This study demonstrates how the analysis of existing and diverse survey data can meet conservation and marine management needs.Versión del editor4,7