Communications network design and costing model programmers manual

Otpimization algorithms and techniques used in the communications network design and costing model for least cost route and least cost network problems are examined from the programmer's point of view. All system program modules, the data structures within the model, and the files which make up the data base are described

Communications network design and costing model technical manual

This computer model provides the capability for analyzing long-haul trunking networks comprising a set of user-defined cities, traffic conditions, and tariff rates. Networks may consist of all terrestrial connectivity, all satellite connectivity, or a combination of terrestrial and satellite connectivity. Network solutions provide the least-cost routes between all cities, the least-cost network routing configuration, and terrestrial and satellite service cost totals. The CNDC model allows analyses involving three specific FCC-approved tariffs, which are uniquely structured and representative of most existing service connectivity and pricing philosophies. User-defined tariffs that can be variations of these three tariffs are accepted as input to the model and allow considerable flexibility in network problem specification. The resulting model extends the domain of network analysis from traditional fixed link cost (distance-sensitive) problems to more complex problems involving combinations of distance and traffic-sensitive tariffs

Spectral scaling and quantum critical behaviour in the pseudogap Anderson model

The pseudogap Anderson impurity model provides a classic example of an essentially local quantum phase transition. Here we study its single-particle dynamics in the vicinity of the symmetric quantum critical point (QCP) separating generalized Fermi liquid and local moment phases, via the local moment approach. Both phases are shown to be characterized by a low-energy scale that vanishes at the QCP; and the universal scaling spectra, on all energy scales, are obtained analytically. The spectrum precisely at the QCP is also obtained; its form showing clearly the non-Fermi liquid, interacting nature of the fixed point.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

A spin-dependent local moment approach to the Anderson impurity model

We present an extension of the local moment approach to the Anderson impurity model with spin-dependent hybridization. By employing the two-self-energy description, as originally proposed by Logan and co-workers, we applied the symmetry restoration condition for the case with spin-dependent hybridization. Self-consistent ground states were determined through variational minimization of the ground state energy. The results obtained with our spin-dependent local moment approach applied to a quantum dot system coupled to ferromagnetic leads are in good agreement with those obtained from previous work using numerical renormalization group calculations

Variation of the cross section for e+e- --> W+H- in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

We study the loop-induced process e+e- --> W+H- in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). This process allows the charged Higgs boson to be produced in e+e- collisions when its mass is larger than half the center-of-mass energy, so that e+e- --> H+H- is kinematically forbidden. By scanning over the MSSM parameters subject to experimental constraints we examine the range of values possible for this cross section. We find that, in regions of parameter space where this cross section is large enough to be of interest, the contributions from supersymmetric particles typically increase the cross section by 50-100% compared to the non-supersymmetric two Higgs doublet model result. Choosing a few typical MSSM parameter sets, we show the regions in the m_{H^{\pm}}-tan(beta) plane in which at least 10 W^{\pm}H^{\mp} events would be produced at the e+e- collider for m_{H^{\pm}} >= sqrt(s)/2. We also show that including radiative corrections to the MSSM Higgs sector has only a small effect on the cross section.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, v2: minor changes; v3: extensive changes to text and figures, version to appear in PR

Quantitative X-ray microradiography for high-throughput phenotyping of osteoarthritis in mice

Objective To investigate and validate digital X-ray microradiography as a novel, high-throughput and cost-effective screening approach to identify abnormal joint phenotypes in mice. Method Digital X-ray microradiography was used to quantify the subchondral bone mineral content (BMC) in the medial tibial plateau. Accuracy and reproducibility of the method were determined in 22 samples from C57BL/6(B6Brd;B6Dnk;B6N-Tyrc-Brd) wild-type mice. The method was then validated in wild-type mice that had undergone surgical destabilisation of medial meniscus (DMM) and in a genetically modified mouse strain with an established increase in trabecular bone mass. Results The measurement of subchondral BMC by digital X-ray microradiography had a coefficient of variation of 3.6%. Digital X-ray microradiography was able to demonstrate significantly increased subchondral BMC in the medial tibial plateau of male mice 4 and 8 weeks after DMM surgery and in female mice 8 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, digital X-ray microradiography also detected the increase in subchondral BMC in a genetically modified mouse strain with high trabecular bone mass. Conclusion Quantitation of subchondral BMC by digital X-ray microradiography is a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective method to identify abnormal joint phenotypes in mice of both genders at several ages

Do Nearctic migrant birds compete with residents at army ant raids? A geographic and seasonal analysis

Army ant swarm raids in Neotropical montane forest are attended by diverse flocks of foraging birds that can include residents year-round and overwintering Nearctic migrants. We asked whether migrants and residents affect each other's ability to forage at army ant raids. We quantified variation in raid attendance by three guilds of birds: wintering migrants, regular and obligate raid attending residents (ant-following residents), and facultative raid attending residents. To test whether wintering migrants and residents were negatively associated at raids, we collected data on raid attendance in four adjacent life zones in the Tilarán Mountains of Costa Rica and in different seasons (when migrants were present and absent). We first compared the guilds' raid attendance among life zones. There was little geographic overlap of migrants and ant-following residents at raids, and raid attendance frequencies were strongly correlated with the estimated local abundances of these bird guilds in each life zone. We then analyzed resident bird flock size and species makeup in the life zones where migrants attended raids most often (Premontane and Lower Montane Wet forests). If migrants affected raid attendance by facultative resident birds, we expected resident numbers or species richness at raids to decrease with migrant presence. Resident flock size and species richness did not differ between times of year with and without migrants, and species identities differed little between seasons. Furthermore, resident flock composition in migrant presence season was similar at raids with and without migrants. We conclude migrants had no measurable effect on resident bird army ant exploitation. Migrants were smaller on average and less likely than residents to capture prey from the ground at raids. These body size and foraging substrate differences between residents and migrants may mitigate inter-guild competition for food at raids.Thanks to the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) for research support, including assistance in obtaining permits. This project was supported by an ALCOR Fellowship (University of Washington Psychology) and an OTS Post-Course Award to A.K., and University of Washington Royalty Research Fund, National Geographic/Waitt Foundation, and Drexel University start-up grants to S. O'D

Ecological Effects of Fear: How Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in Predation Risk Influences Mule Deer Access to Forage in a Sky‐Island System

Forage availability and predation risk interact to affect habitat use of ungulates across many biomes. Within sky‐island habitats of the Mojave Desert, increased availability of diverse forage and cover may provide ungulates with unique opportunities to extend nutrient uptake and/or to mitigate predation risk. We addressed whether habitat use and foraging patterns of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) responded to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), NDVI rate of change (green‐up), or the occurrence of cougars (Puma concolor). Female mule deer used available green‐up primarily in spring, although growing vegetation was available during other seasons. Mule deer and cougar shared similar habitat all year, and our models indicated cougars had a consistent, negative effect on mule deer access to growing vegetation, particularly in summer when cougar occurrence became concentrated at higher elevations. A seemingly late parturition date coincided with diminishing NDVI during the lactation period. Sky‐island populations, rarely studied, provide the opportunity to determine how mule deer respond to growing foliage along steep elevation and vegetation gradients when trapped with their predators and seasonally limited by aridity. Our findings indicate that fear of predation may restrict access to the forage resources found in sky islands

Army ant raid attendance and bivouac-checking behavior by neotropical montane forest birds

We quantified resident and migrant bird attendance at army ant swarm raids (n = 48) in a neotropical montane forest. All observations were during seasons when Nearctic migrant birds are present. Bird species differed in army ant raid-attending behavior. Resident bird species attended 2 to 54% of raids, while migrants attended at lower maximum frequencies (2 to 21% of raids attended per species). Some resident and migrant bird species attended raids more frequently than expected based on capture rates in mist-net studies and point-count density surveys. Army ant raid attendance may be a regular element of foraging behavior for some resident species, and important in the wintering ecology of some Nearctic migrant species. The bird species that attended raids most frequently were predicted to show behavioral specializations for exploiting army ant swarms. Eight resident bird species (but no migrants) performed a specialized behavior, bivouac checking, by which birds sample army ant activity. Resident bird species' frequencies of raid attendance were positively associated with frequency of checking bivouacs (r = 0.68). We hypothesize the absence of obligate army ant-following birds in montane forests has favored performance of specialized behaviors for exploiting army ant raids by some resident birds. © 2010 by the Wilson Ornithological Society.This project was supported by a University of Washington ALCOR Fellowship and an OTS Post-Course Award to AK, and University of Washington Royalty Research Fund and NSF grants (IBN-0347315) to SO’D. National Geographic Television also supported the field research. Research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation while SO’D was working at the foundation

Dynamics and transport properties of heavy fermions: theory

The paramagnetic phase of heavy fermion systems is investigated, using a non-perturbative local moment approach to the asymmetric periodic Anderson model within the framework of dynamical mean field theory. The natural focus is on the strong coupling Kondo-lattice regime wherein single-particle spectra, scattering rates, dc transport and optics are found to exhibit w/w_L,T/w_L scaling in terms of a single underlying low-energy coherence scale w_L. Dynamics/transport on all relevant (w,T)-scales are encompassed, from the low-energy behaviour characteristic of the lattice coherent Fermi liquid, through incoherent effective single-impurity physics likewise found to arise in the universal scaling regime, to non-universal high-energy scales; and which description in turn enables viable quantitative comparison to experiment.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure