Two types of electron events in solar flares

The fluxes and spectra of the flare electrons measured on board Venera-I3 and I4 space probes are compared with the parameters of the hard (E sub x approximately 55 keV) and thermal X-ray bursts. The electron flux amplitude has been found to correlate with flare importance in the thermal X-ray range (r approximately 0.8). The following two types of flare events have been found in the electron component of SCR. The electron flux increase is accompanied by a hard X-ray burst and the electron spectrum index in the approximately 25 to 200 keV energy range is gamma approximately 2 to 3. The electron flux increase is not accompanied by a hard X-ray burst and the electron spectrum is softer (Delta gamma approximately 0.7 to 1.0)

Variations of cosmic rays according to the data of interplanetary probes Zond-3 and Venus-2

Cosmic ray intensity variation measured by Zond 3 and Venus 2 interplanetary probe

Radial diffusion of electrons with energy greater than 100 keV in the outer radiation belt

Electron diffusion and intensity variations in outer radiation bel

Distribution of Tryptophan-Dependent <I>Yersinia pestis</I> Variants in the Altai Mountain Natural Plague Focus

Carried out is the analysis of spatial location of tryptophan-dependent variants of plague microbe in the territory of Altai mountain plague natural focus. 1166 Y. pestis strains isolated in 1990–2010, were studied as regards nutrient requirements. 140 of them (12 %) were determined as tryptophan-dependent. The highest occurence of such strains was registered in Ulandryk focal region (21.6 % in average). Among strains isolated in Tarkhatin focal region only 2.3 % were tryptophan-dependent, and in Kuray region they were absent. Thus, the data obtained suggest that spatial heterogeneity of Y. pestis subsp. altaica in the focus takes place

Measurement of the branching fraction of J/ψ→ρπJ/\psi\rightarrow\rho\pi at KEDR

We present the study of the decay $J/\psi \rightarrow \rho \pi$. The results are based on of 5.2 million $J/\psi$ events collected by the KEDR detector at VEPP-4M collider. The branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi\rightarrow\rho\pi) = \big(2.072\pm 0.017 \pm 0.056 \big)\cdot 10^{-2}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second one is systematic. This is the most precise single measurement of this quantity at the moment

Investigations of Structural-Functional Aspects of Epizootic Process in Natural Plague Foci in Siberia

Comprehensively studied have been structural elements of ecosystems of Siberian natural plague foci, as well as levels of integration among epizootic process components, and ways of their functional interaction. Application of the complex approach to the surveillance over structural-functional elements of the parasitic system along with investigations of epizootic process dynamics has provided for identification of peculiarities as regards epizootics development, transformation and evolution of population and carrier/vector coenosis structure in time and space. Revealed is the genetic diversity of plague microbe circulating within the bounds of separate foci and zones of focality. Determined is a long-lasting anti-epidemic effect (more than 20 years) of the field desinsection in the Saglinsk meso-focus of the Tuva natural plague focus

Ожирение и метаболические нарушения у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: возможности фенотипирования

The aim of the study was to compare clinical and functional features and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regarding to comorbid obesity as a phenotypic sign. Methods. Patient classification was performed using Kmeans clustering analysis (MacQueen). It resulted in the classification of subjects into four clinical groups with marked differences in COPD symptoms.Results. Subjects with obesity had severe airflow limitation and dyspnoea, frequent exacerbations, severely impaired HRQoL, poor survival, decreased physical activity, insulin resistance and increased systemic inflammation.Conclusion. Thus, COPD with comorbid obesity could be considered as a distinct phenotype of COPD with severe symptoms.Целью исследования явилось изучение клиникофункциональных параметров и качества жизни (КЖ) больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) c сопутствующим ожирением и метаболическими нарушениями с оценкой возможности их фенотипирования. На основании кластерного анализа, проведенного по методу kсредних МакКуина, выделены 4 группы пациентов с отличительными особенностями течения ХОБЛ. Установлено, что наличие сопутствующего ожирения у больных ХОБЛ ассоциировано со значительным снижением легочной функции, переносимости физической нагрузки, показателей КЖ и выживаемости, частыми обострениями, развитием инсулинорезистентности и активацией системных воспалительных реакций. Предполагается, что клинический вариант ХОБЛ с сопутствующим ожирением целесообразно рассматривать в качестве отдельного фенотипа заболевания, характеризующегося тяжелым течением

ATF2 Proposal

ATF2 Group Accelerator Physic

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere