Frances E. Loe to Mr. Meredith (2 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1445/thumbnail.jp

Core Allocations for Cooperation Problems in Vaccination

Vaccination is a very effective measure to fight an outbreak of an infectious disease, but it often suffers from delayed deliveries and limited stockpiles. To use these limited doses of vaccine effectively, health agencies can decide to cooperate and share their doses. In this study, we analyze this type of cooperation. Typically cooperation leads to an increased total return, but cooperation is only plausible when this total return can be distributed in a stable way. This makes cooperation a delicate matter. Using cooperative game theory, we derive theoretical sufficient conditions under which cooperation is plausible (i.e., the core is non-empty) and we show that the doses of vaccine can be traded for a market price in those cases. We perform numerical analyses to generalize these findings and we derive analytical expressions for market prices that can be used in general for distributing the total return. Our results demonstrate that cooperation is most likely to be plausible in case of severe shortages and in case of sufficient supply, with possible mismatches between supply and demand. In those cases, trading doses of vaccine for a market price often results in a core allocation of the total return. We confirm these findings with a case study on the redistribution of influenza vaccines

Degermed corn distiller’s grains with solubles (DGS) have feed value similar to traditional distiller’s grains

Rapid expansion of the fuel ethanol industry has greatly increased availability of distillery byproducts. Distiller\u27s grains with solubles (DGS) are the predominant byproduct of fermenting grains into fuel ethanol. During this process, starch is removed from the grain and the residual components of the grain are concentrated in the DGS. Improvements in the conversion of cereal grains to ethanol have been fueled by recent changes in the production process. Broin Companies (Sioux Falls, SD) have developed a technology that removes the germ before the fermentation process. The resulting byproduct contains more protein, less crude fat, and less phosphorus compared to traditional distiller\u27s grains. Feeding even modest levels of DGS can contribute to greater phosphorus excretion from feedlots, suggesting that strategies aimed at reducing phosphorus levels are well warranted. The objective of this study was to compare diets based on steam-flaked corn with and without DGS and to compare a highprotein, low-fat, low-phosphorus byproduct to more traditional distiller\u27s grains

Impact of Chronic Medical Conditions on Academics of Children in the Child Welfare System

Objective: Children in the Child Welfare System (CWS) are at high risk for multiple adverse outcomes. Since involvement in CWS and having a chronic medical condition are both risk factors for poor academic achievement, a logical view is that the combination is additive, increasing the odds of poor performance. However, several factors may complicate such an association. This study explores negative and positive factors that could affect academic achievement in children in CWS with chronic medical conditions.Method: In a secondary data analysis of a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of children in CWS (N = 5,501), subjects were divided into three groups based on chronic medical condition: High Prevalence, Low Severity (HPLS; asthma, eczema, allergy, diabetes), Other (OTH; all other chronic conditions, including those with primary central nervous system involvement), and NONE (children with no chronic condition). Using weighted analyses, hierarchical logistic regression models addressed factors associated with academic achievement. Predictor variables included chronic condition group, sex, income level, case substantiation, home placement, and school engagement. Intelligence quotient was a covariate. Outcome variables were strong performances for reading and math, defined by standard score ≥85.Results: In TOTAL group, 80% had strong reading; more in HPLS (85%) vs. NONE (79%) and OTH (80%), adjusted F = 433, p < 0.001. In TOTAL group, 67% had strong math; more in NONE (68%) and HPLS (68%) vs. OTH (60%), adjusted F = 1,278, p < 0.001. Models predicting to strong reading and math achievement were significant, R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001 and R2 = 0.43, p < 0.001, respectively. HPLS had increased odds of strong reading achievement (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.3–1.4); both HPLS and OTH had lower odds of strong math achievement (aOR 0.87 and 0.76), p < 0.001, respectively. Male sex had lower odds of strong reading (aOR 0.44) and math achievement (aOR 0.62); positive school engagement had higher odds of strong reading (aOR 1.18) and math achievement (aOR 2.04), all p < 0.001.Conclusion: If true, our findings challenge the general belief that chronic illness can only be associated with negative outcomes and that cumulative adversities are simply additive in terms of risk. Increased contact with the medical system may provide an opportunity for improving reading achievement for children in CWS and promoting positive school engagement

Relationship Between Fat Content and NE values for Some Ethanol Byproducts

A finishing phase study was conducted to measure the impact of the fat content of ethanol byproducts on the relative Net Energy values for these feedstuffs. The three feedstuffs with varying crude fat content used included a commercially available corn gluten feed corn distillers grains blend (CGD); a corn wet distillers grains without solubles (WDG); and corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Byproducts were incorporated as 40% of the finishing diets (DM basis) replacing corn and SBM components of the control (CO) diet. There were 6 pens of 7 or 8 yearling steers on each treatment during the 130 d experiment. The assayed average dietary fat content for the CO, CGD, WDG, and WDGS diets were 2.91%, 4.95%, 5.34% and 6.58%, respectively. Increasing fat content of diets (and byproducts) was associated with increased dietary NE content. Diet NEG values derived from steer performance were 60.6, 59.7, 62.0 and 64.6 Mcal/cwt for CO, CGD, WDG and WDGS, respectively. Assuming that the substituted grain had a NEG value of 68 Mcal/cwt, the derived NEG values for the three byproducts were 65.8, 71.5 and 78.1 Mcal/cwt for the CGD, WDG and WDGS diets, respectively. Regression of diet fat content against NEG content indicated that fat represented 2.02 times the NE content of non-fat diet components (P \u3c .02; r2 = 0.26)

Hubungan antara Motivasi dan Self-regulated Learning Siswa Selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Kota Kupang

Penerapan  pembelajaran  jarak  jauh  di  sekolah-sekolah  merupakan  hal  baru  bagi siswa dan guru, butuh waktu bagi siswa dan guru untuk beradaptasi. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah motivasi dan self regulated learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi dengan self regulated learning siswa selama pembelajaran jarak jauh di kota kupang. Penelitian ini berjenis korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner self regulated learning Jansen et al., (2017) dan kuesioner motivasi Garcia (1996). Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 178 siswa di kota Kupang yang berasal dari jenjang pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, Sekolah Menengah Pertama, dan Sekolah Menengah Atas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan dan positif antara motivasi dengan self regulated learning dengan besar koefisien korelasi 0.780. Uji  koefisien  determinasi  menunjukkan  motivasi menjadi prediktor self regulated learning sebesar 0.608 atau 60,8%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara motivasi dengan self regulated learning siswa selama pembelajaran jarak jauh di kota kupang