A Contrastive Analysis of English Negation and its Albanian Correspondents- A research conducted in a high school in Gostivar, Macedonia

This research analyzes the structural differences and similarities between different kinds of English negation and their Albanian correspondents. These dissimilarities and similarities are regarded as one of the causes of difficulties that the Albanian EFLclassroom learners may encounter while learning the different types of English negation.With an effort to raise teachers' awareness of possible errors that Albanian EFL learners may produce when acquiring different negative forms, the language transfer is noticed.Therefore, Odlin (1989) clearly notes that language transfer plays an important role insecond language acquisition.The contrastive analysis has been carried out on the data on English negation collected from fictional discourse and their translation correspondents into Albanian. Inaddition, the study also involves the error analysis of a test given to 80 Albanian speakingstudents of "Pance Popovski" high school in Gostivar, in the year 2012.The results obtained from the error analysis (Cowan, 2008) reflect on the difficulty of learning that EFL Albanian learners encounter while acquiring certain English negative forms

Retroperitoneal, Para-aortocaval Lymphatic Resection as the Surgical Treatment of Choice in Seminoma Grade II

Background Testicular cancer remains one of the most common malignant diseases in young men. The highest incidence was seen in the ages of 25-29 years. A significant part of them come from germ cell tumors, which are divided into seminoma and non-seminoma. Although the aggressiveness of tumors with germ cells remains high, it should be noted that there is a very high response to surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment, where a 5-year disease-free survival is evident in more than 95% of cases. The metastatic spread of these tumors follows the lymphatic drainage of the testes. The retroperitoneal and pre-aortocaval spread, which are resistant to chemotherapy, requires the intervention of an extended surgical procedure, which consists in the removal of the lymph nodes in these regions. The purpose of this procedure is the resection of pre-aortocaval lymph nodes remaining after orchidectomy, a procedure which represents one of the major components of the curative treatment. Case presentation There are three cases of patients, aged 37/32/39-years-old, who have undergone the surgical procedure of right orchidectomy. The biopsy obtained after the surgical intervention showed grade II seminoma. All three patients, who underwent orchidectomy in different years, were subjected to chemotherapeutic treatment with the 3 preparations bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. After that, for a period of 1.5-2 years, they carried out occasional checks, which they then stopped. The lack of control for a 5-year period, as well as the limitation of the surgical procedure only in the right orchidectomy, has led to the metastasis of the seminoma in the pre-aortocaval region. In this study, we consider the fact of performing the retroperitoneal lymphatic drainage procedure according to the lymphatic drainage route of the tests, in the cases of the biopsy result "Seminoma grade II" and above, as one of the major components of the curative treatment in addition to Chemotherapeutic treatment. Discussion The implementation of retroperitoneal, pre-aortocaval lymphadenectomy is considered mandatory, especially in the results of "Seminoma grade II" biopsy. In cases where laboratory and imaging examinations indicate residual retroperitoneal, pre-aortocaval masses, the surgical procedure of lymphadenectomy should be performed as soon as possible. The principle of the lymphadenectomy according to the way of drainage of the testes is important when we talk about oncological principles. Statistical data show the advantage of the extended surgical procedure, consisting of a disease-free survival period of 5 years at a rate of 95%. The choice of the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy procedure has resulted in the normalization of tumor markers for at least a 2-year period after the intervention, also showing an improvement in the patient's prognosis. Conclusion In cases of histopathological response, where the result of Seminoma grade II and above is concluded, the surgical procedure should not be limited to simple orchidectomy or radical inguinal orchidectomy with the aim of avoiding metastatic spread along the lymphatic drainage route. Keywords: General surgery, Testicular cancer, Seminoma, Para-aortocaval retroperitoneal lymphatic resection, RPLND. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/95-06 Publication date: November 30th 202

A Rare Case of Advanced Duodenal Cancer Infiltrating the Head of Pancreas and the Mesocolon of the Hepatic Flexure

Background Primary small bowel carcinoma is a very rare tumor, with non-specific symptoms that usually cause a delay in diagnosis and, consequently, a negative outcome. Duodenal carcinoma is on its own an uncommon tumor of the intestinal tract. Our case presented further local advancement with infiltration of the hepatic flexure mesocolon. En-block pancreaticoduodenectomy plus right hemicolectomy or Colo-Pancreatico- Duodenectomy (cPD) is feasible in highly selected patients if performed by experienced surgeons. Case presentation We are introducing the case of a 48 y/o male patient presenting with a dull pain of the lower abdomen and dark stools (melena) in the recent episodes of defecation; considerable weight loss; jaundice (total bilirubin level 10 mg/dL). In the radiologic investigations, IV contrast CT of the abdomen revealed the presence of a 7.7 cm x 8.5 cm mass of duodenum (D3) which infiltrates the head of pancreas as evidenced by homogeneous contrast enhancement. The pancreatic duct of Wirsung was dilated, 4.4 mm. Gastroduodenoscopy visualizes a non-circumferential ulcerative proliferation. Exploratory laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively we encountered the presence of local progression of the primary duodenal lesion into head of the pancreas, the mesocolon of the hepatic flexure with infiltration of the right colic vessels. Colo-Pancreatico-Duodenectomy (cPD) and Whipple’s procedure was performed, with Blumgart type pancreatico-jejunal and ileo-colic anastomoses. Discussion En-block pancreaticoduodenectomy plus right hemicolectomy or Colo-Pancreatico-Duodenectomy (cPD) is feasible in highly selected patients if performed by experienced surgeons. The most common indication of cPD is locally advanced pancreatic head cancer that directly invades the colon or mesocolon, followed by locally invaded colon cancer at the duodenum and/or pancreatic head. The cPD procedure is rarely performed in gastrointestinal surgery. This is due to its complexity, difficulty, and high risks. In certain acute situations, cPD is the efficacious path forward. Conclusion Following a careful evaluation plan, along with necessary consults for accompanying disorders, the indications for colo-pancreatico-duodenectomy were clearly set for this patient with locally advanced duodenal adenocarcinoma infiltrating the pancreas head and hepatic flexure mesocolon. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous and experienced perioperative care to minimize complications and mortality. Keywords: General surgery, Duodenal cancer, Whipple procedure, colo-pancreatico-duodenectomy, cPD, Blumgart pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis DOI: 10.7176/ALST/95-01 Publication date: November 30th 202

Characterizing X‑Ray and Solution State Conformations for a Model Qubit System: {Cr 7 Ni} Ring Rotaxanes on a Mixed Metal Triangle

The synthesis of a series of [4]­rotaxanes, each consisting of three [2]­rotaxanes joined via a central {CrNi2} triangular linker, is reported. The resultant four [4]­rotaxanes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Orientation-selective 4-pulse double electron–electron resonance (DEER) measurements between the three {Cr7Ni} rings incorporated in each [4]­rotaxane reveal that each system is conformationally fluxional in solution, with the most abundant conformations found to differ significantly from the crystal structure geometry for each compound. The degree of similarity between conformations is evaluated using a novel application of the earth mover’s distance analysis

Antihyperlipidemic and antiperoxidative effect of Diasulin, a polyherbal formulation in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to investigation the effect of Diasulin, a poly herbal drug composed of ethanolic extract of ten medicinal plants on blood glucose, plasma insulin, tissue lipid profile, and lipidperoxidation in alloxan induced diabetes. METHODS: Ethanolic extract of Diasulin a, poly herbal drug was administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The different doses of Diasulin on blood glucose and plasma insulin in diabetic rats were studied and the levels of lipid peroxides [TBARS, and Hydroperoxide] and tissue lipids [cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipides and free fatty acids] were also estimated in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The effects were compared with glibenclamide. RESULT: Treatment with Diasulin and glibenclamide resulted in a significant reduction of blood glucose and increase in plasma insulin. Diasulin also resulted in a significant decrease in tissue lipids and lipid peroxide formation. The effect produced by Diasulin was comparable with that of glibenclamide. CONCLUSION: The decreased lipid peroxides and tissue lipids clearly showed the antihyperlipidemic and antiperoxidative effect of Diasulin apart from its antidiabetic effect

Investigating the genetic relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer using GWAS summary statistics.

Growing evidence from both epidemiology and basic science suggest an inverse association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. We examined the genetic relationship between AD and various cancer types using GWAS summary statistics from the IGAP and GAME-ON consortia. Sample size ranged from 9931 to 54,162; SNPs were imputed to the 1000 Genomes European panel. Our results based on cross-trait LD Score regression showed a significant positive genetic correlation between AD and five cancers combined (colon, breast, prostate, ovarian, lung; r g = 0.17, P = 0.04), and specifically with breast cancer (ER-negative and overall; r g = 0.21 and 0.18, P = 0.035 and 0.034) and lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and overall; r g = 0.31, 0.38 and 0.30, P = 0.029, 0.016, and 0.006). Estimating the genetic correlation in specific functional categories revealed mixed positive and negative signals, notably stronger at annotations associated with increased enhancer activity. This suggests a role of gene expression regulators in the shared genetic etiology between AD and cancer, and that some shared variants modulate disease risk concordantly while others have effects in opposite directions. Due to power issues, we did not detect cross-phenotype associations at individual SNPs. This genetic overlap is not likely driven by a handful of major loci. Our study is the first to examine the co-heritability of AD and cancer leveraging large-scale GWAS results. The functional categories highlighted in this study need further investigation to illustrate the details of the genetic sharing and to bridge between different levels of associations

Home violence and use of institute of deportation

Bakalářská práce Domácí násilí a uplatnění institutu vykázání pojednává o sociálně patologickém jevu domácí násilí, zaměřuje se na zhodnocení využití institutu vykázání jako na jednu z možností pomoci obětem domácího násilí v městě Brně v prvním roce jeho fungování, tedy v roce 2007. Bakalářská práce přináší pohled na domácí násilí, také i na průběh řešení dané problematiky v praxi. Je to důležité zejména proto, aby si osoby ohrožené domácím násilím dokázaly představit čím budou procházet.The Bachelor's work "Home violence and use of institute of deportation" is focused on social pathological phenomenon of the home violence. It aims to evaluate the exploitation of institute of deportation as one of many steps to help victims of home violence in Brno in the first year of its functioning, it means in year 2007. This bachelor's work brings the view on home violence in various levels, among others also on the course of solution of definite problems in practise which is very important mainly for people who are dangered by home violence can prove themselves by what they will go through.Institut mezioborových studiíobhájen

The role of four life-story aspects in a collaborative decision-making process in the field of leadership development

The aim of this conceptual paper is to add knowledge to the existing leadership development field. We examine the development of core intra- and interpersonal values, specifically the individual collaborative features, by considering life experiences (Day, Fleenor, Atwater, Sturm, & McKee, 2014), and how these personal collaborative features become integrated when leadership members (members of the leadership process) collaborate (Cullen-Lester, Maupin, & Carter, 2017). We formulate the following four relevant propositions: (1) Individual collaborative features should be integrated with the essential features of the leadership members\u27 collaboration during a decision-making process. (2) A life-story aspect has substantive contents and the information drawn from it will therefore shape the leadership members% collaborative features and develop their meaning-making system, while participating in a collaborative decision-making process. (3) The subject under discussion, the context, the actors, and the time of occurrence are the four basic criteria of a life story aspect, in which an event is selected to be placed in. (4) A life story aspect provides fertile grounds for unpacking collaborative tendencies in general and thus implies such tendencies, particularly in the work setting. Consequently, the theoretical contributions of this paper entail advancing and integrating the existing literature of the life-story approach and collaborative decision-making in the leadership development field

The Contribution of Neurocognitive Research to the Application of the Principles of Designing a Stimulating Developmental Environment at Early and Preschool Age

Neuroznanost je relativno mlada znanstvena disciplina koja uključuje neurologiju, psihologiju i biologiju. U posljednjih sto godina postigla je veliki napredak, posebno u razumijevanju brojnih aspekata fiziologije, biokemije, farmakologije i razvoju strukture mozga kralježnjaka. Glavna tema ovog diplomskog rada je pregled relevantnih istraživanja i literature vezane uz važnost obogaćenog okruženja i njegovog utjecaja na društveni i psihokognitivni razvoj djece rane i predškolske dobi. Moderna znanstvena zajednica smatra da nasljeđe stvara od 30 do 60% veza u mozgu, što je u suprotnosti sa desetljećima vjerojavanja i znanstvenih rasprava o utjecaju gena. Zbog niza kvalitetnih istraživanja u neuroznanosti javnost postaje svjesna važnosti primjene principa dizajniranja poticajne razvojne okoline za djecu rane i predškolske dobi.Neuroscience is a relatively young scientific discipline which involves neurology, psychology and biology. In the last hundred years it has achieved great progress, especially in the understanding of numerous aspects of physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and brain structure development. The main subject of this thesis is an overview of relevant research and literature connected to the enriched environment and the influence on social and psycho-cognitive early and preschool childhood development. Modern scientific community considers that heritage creates from 30 to 60 percent of brain connections, which is the opposite from decades of belief and scientific debate on the importance of genetics. Because a wide array of quality research in neuroscience exists, the public has became aware on the importance of application of designed enriched environment in early and preschool development