A model for evaluating the performance of code phase assignment CDMA LAN

Conference Theme: Wireless: Merging onto the Information SuperhighwayThis paper describes a model for a fully-connected, full duplex, and synchronized CDMA LAN where the receivers use the same maximal length sequence with different chip phase offset for receiving messages. ALOHA medium access is used. The performance of the model is analyzed by considering the succession of states the system is in as a Markov process. The behaviour of a 5-station system is shown.published_or_final_versio

Performance comparison of single and multi-channel CSMA-CD wireless networks using equilibrium point analysis

Conference theme: Mobile Technology for the Human RaceA fundamental defect of simple CSMA-CD multiple access scheme is that messages meant for different stations can collide in the common channel. In this paper, a multi-channel form of CSMA-CD network, created by CDMA signalling, is analyzed. Its performance is shown to be superior to that of a single channel CSMA-CD network.published_or_final_versio

Performance analysis of a fully-connected, full-duplex CDMA ALOHA network with channel sensing and collision detection

In cases where machines having bursty data are equally likely to transmit to one another, code-division multiple-access (CDMA) ALOHA which allows for an individual "virtual channel" for each receiving station may be a better multiple-access protocol than simple ALOHA. With the use of "receiver-based code" multiple-access protocol, it is also possible for a station to listen to the channel of the intended receiver before transmission, and also abort transmission when it detects others transmitting on the same channel. This paper describes a model for a fully-connected, full duplex, and slotted CDMA ALOHA network where channel sensing and collision detection are used. The model is analyzed using a discrete time Markov chain and some numerical results are presented. For a system with a large number of users, where Markov analysis is impractical, equilibrium point analysis is used to predict the stability of the system, and estimate the throughput as well as the delay performance of the system when it is stable. Finally, a comparison is made with a simple channel sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA-CD) network, showing that a substantial improvement in the performance is achieved by the proposed network.published_or_final_versio

Performance analysis of a CDMA ALOHA network with channel sensing

It has been shown in [1] that the throughput-delay performance of a CDMA ALOHA network, where each station is assigned a spreading code so that each effectively has its own `virtual channel', and where channel sensing and collision detection are also used, is much better than that of a simple CSMA-CD network. Such a system, however, is difficult to implement. A simpler system that may provide good performance and that is easy to implement is a CDMA ALOHA network with just channel sensing. The channel sensing can be provided by a simple correlator and threshold device. In this paper, the performance of such a network is investigated, and some comparisons are made with those of the simple CSMA-CD network and the CDMA ALOHA network with both channel sensing and collision detection. It is shown that when the CDMA-CS network is stable, its performance is not much worse than that of a CDMA-CS/CD network, and much better than that of a simple single channel CSMA-CD system.published_or_final_versio

Delay-throughput comparison of single and multi-channel slotted ALOHA networks

In networks where stations are equally likely to transmit to one another, simple slotted ALOHA is not an appropriate form of multiple access protocol as messages meant for different stations can collide in the common channel. In this paper the performance of a single channel slotted ALOHA network is compared to that of a CDMA ALOHA network where each of the station is assigned a different spreading code with which to receive messages, and thus effectively possesses its own private 'virtual channel'.published_or_final_versio

Performance of multichannel CSMA networks

International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore, 9-12 September 1997Channel sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is a very simple and efficient way of allowing many stations to transmit messages to a central server down a shared channel. In wireless networks, however, collision detection is difficult to implement, and in such cases CSMA alone may have to be used. In this paper, it is shown that a multichannel CSMA network can be almost as efficient in utilizing the bandwidth available to the network as an equivalent single-channel CSMA/CD network. Furthermore, multichannel CSMA networks provide better throughput and delay performance than equivalent single channel CSMA systems, even when the message generation probability and the number of stations in the network are varied.published_or_final_versio

Tobacco Induced Renal Function Alterations in Wistar Rats: An 8 Weeks Study

This study investigates the effect of tobacco snuff on renal function using Wistar rat as a model. It involved adult rats (n=42) weighing 150-300g. They were assigned into a control group (A; n=6) and test groups B (n=12), C (n=12) and D (n=12). The groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing durations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The test groups were fed varying doses of tobacco snuff  (tobacco plus potash).  At  the  end of every 2 weeks, three  randomly  selected rats were prepared for blood sample collection into lithium  heparin containers for laboratory analysis of creatinine, urea and uric acid. Results showed that creatinine levels of the  testrats were higher than the control, but the recorded values were however, duration dependent. Interestingly, a similar but irregular pattern was observed for urea and uric acid levels. Over all, the significant increase (P<0.05) in renal function parameters of the test rats (as compared to the control values), suggests that the ingestion of tobacco snuff has harmful effects on kidney functions.Keywords: Tobacco, Snuff, Kidney function, Nicotine substitute

Liver transplantation: a life-saving procedure following amatoxin mushroom poisoning

published_or_final_versio

Hsp21potentiates antifungal drug tolerance in Candida albicans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD