Characterizing the University of California's tenure-track teaching position from the faculty and administrator perspectives.

Teaching faculty are a potential mechanism to generate positive change in undergraduate STEM education. One such type of faculty is the Lecturer with Potential Security of Employment (L(P)SOE), a tenure-track faculty line within the University of California (UC) system. As a foundation for future studies, we sought to characterize individuals in the L(P)SOE position in terms of their background training, job expectations, and resources available for their success. Data were collected through an online survey completed by over 80% of STEM L(P)SOEs across the UC system, as well as interviews with over 20 deans and chairs in STEM departments at three UC campuses. From this work, we found that the majority of current L(P)SOEs were formally trained within their disciplines and not in an education field; however, they possessed substantial education experience, such as classroom teaching or participation in professional development opportunities. Expectations for time spent on teaching, research, and service are aligned between individuals within varying ranks of the L(P)SOE faculty and between L(P)SOEs and administrators. L(P)SOEs and administrators are also in agreement about what constitutes acceptable professional development activities. Interestingly, we identified differences that may reflect changes in the position over time, including increased start-up funds for more recently hired L(P)SOE faculty and a differing perspective on the role of discipline-based education research and scholarly activities between non-tenured and more senior L(P)SOEs. Overall, these data provide a snapshot of the L(P)SOE position that will aid in future work to identify the potential institutional impact of these individuals

Project Governance: How Processes Can Be Managed With an Aim to Improve Project Performance

Project Governance (PG) is often viewed as an unnecessary overhead and hence often integrated within the project framework. This paper presents the results of a study that claims that the level of a project success is influenced by the demarcation of the PG process from the core project management framework. Four case studies were chosen to be analysed based on the success rates and the varying levels of PG demarcation. The practitioners from the four companies working in different contextual setups were interviewed about their perceptions on the role of IT related PG and PM on the success of a project. The findings revealed that ‘records management’, ‘run check lists regularly’ and ‘encourage project governance adoption’ would benefit the performance of the projects. Analysis of the data showed that a PG framework helps add business value to a PM framework provided the roles of each framework is clearly defined and the inter-relationship is synchronised with the overall goals and objectives of the project

PROJECT GOVERNANCE REQUIREMENTS: A CASE STUDY

Project Governance (PG) is often viewed as an unnecessary overhead that can be adequately managed within a project by top managers and experienced implementers. However our case studies show that people in these roles often wish to appeal to external guidance and requirements for definitive directions. Our research qustion asked: What can top managers do to adopt an effective PG framework? The method was to let a small group of role targeted participants from each of four companies talk about their PG requirements and experiences. The results of thematic analysis showed that people consistently required particular attributes in every project including those related to a PG framework

Atria, Roof-space Solar Collectors and Windows for Low-energy New and Renovated Office Buildings: a Review

As part of achieving near zero energy office buildings, solar gains can be optimised by built form, internal layout and the position, type and area of windows. Those solar gains can then displace heating and lighting energy in most non- domestic buildings without overt engineered solar energy harnessing features. Such approaches have been adopted to successfully realise many low-energy buildings. This review discusses key parameters and the particular challenges in the design of atria, windows and roof-space solar air heaters to reduce energy and carbon emissions associated with heating and lighting in newly-built and renovated non-domestic buildings

Technological Innovations in Surgical Approach for Thyroid Cancer

Over the last decade, surgeons have witnessed dramatic changes in surgical practice as a result of the introduction of new technological advancement. Some of these changes include refinement of techniques in thyroid cancer surgery. The development of various endoscopic thyroidectomy techniques, the addition of the da Vinci robot, and the use of operative adjuncts in thyroid surgery, such as intraoperative neuromonitoring and quick intraoperative parathyroid hormone, have made thyroid cancer surgery not only safer and better accepted by patients with thyroid cancer but also offer them more surgical treatment options

Investigation of the effects of notch width on eddy current response and comparison of signals from notches and cracks

This paper reports on work conducted to investigate the effect that electrical discharge machining (EDM) notch width has on the eddy current (EC) signal as a function of coil drive frequency. The notch results are also compared to EC signals from laboratory‐grown fatigue cracks. This study builds upon previous work with titanium, Inconel and aluminum materials where the signal amplitude was shown to decrease, as expected, as the notch width decreases. The trend was captured well by numerical results and this allowed estimates to be made about the signals from idealized “zero‐width” notches. The results indicated that the signal reduction factor from a 0.127 mm (0.005 inch) wide, rectangular notch to a theoretical zero‐width semi‐elliptical notch of the same size ranged from 25 to 42% for low conductivity materials when data was collected at 2 MHz. For aluminum, the difference between signals from 0.127 mm wide notches and estimated signals for zero‐width notches was approximately 50%. However, 2 MHz is an uncommonly high frequency for inspecting aluminum alloys so additional work was necessary to investigate the notch width effect at lower frequencies. This study sought to determine how the notch‐width effect changed as a function of frequency for high conductivity materials such as aluminum

Defining Understanding: Perspectives from Biology Instructors & Biology Education Researchers

Promoting student understanding of biological concepts is a key part of biology education, and the ability to “understand” a concept forms one of the six categories of the oft-used Bloom’s Taxonomy. Despite this, there remains no consensus as to what it means to understand a concept. While several formal definitions have been offered, we investigated how biology instructors and biology education researchers define the term and how they perceived the skill sets needed for a student to understand a concept in the context of assessments. We found that there was no agreement on the definition of understanding, and that responses differed in the cognitive level required to reach “understanding” of a concept. We discuss these findings in the context of Bloom’s Taxonomy and variation theory and provide directions for future inquiries. We conclude by discussing implications for biology instructors and the importance of explicitly conveying expectations to better align student and instructor expectations

A randomized trial of a lab-embedded discourse intervention to improve research ethics.

We report a randomized trial of a research ethics training intervention designed to enhance ethics communication in university science and engineering laboratories, focusing specifically on authorship and data management. The intervention is a project-based research ethics curriculum that was designed to enhance the ability of science and engineering research laboratory members to engage in reason giving and interpersonal communication necessary for ethical practice. The randomized trial was fielded in active faculty-led laboratories at two US research-intensive institutions. Here, we show that laboratory members perceived improvements in the quality of discourse on research ethics within their laboratories and enhanced awareness of the relevance and reasons for that discourse for their work as measured by a survey administered over 4 mo after the intervention. This training represents a paradigm shift compared with more typical module-based or classroom ethics instruction that is divorced from the everyday workflow and practices within laboratories and is designed to cultivate a campus culture of ethical science and engineering research in the very work settings where laboratory members interact

Ordovician 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages from the blueschist-facies Ondor Sum subduction-accretion complex (Inner Mongolia) and implications for the early Paleozoic history of continental blocks in China and adjacent areas

We obtained 453.2 ± 1.8 Ma and 449.4 ± 1.8 Ma (2{sigma}) laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages for phengite from quartzite mylonites from the blueschist-facies Ondor Sum subduction-accretion complex in Inner Mongolia (northern China). These ages are within error of the inverse isochron ages calculated using the plateau steps and the weighted mean ages of total fusion of single grains. The compositional change from glaucophane in the cores to crossite in the rims of blue amphiboles, as revealed by electron microprobe analysis, points to decompression, probably caused by progressive exhumation of the subducted material. The Late Ordovician ages were not affected by excess argon incorporation because in all likelihood the oceanic sediments were wet on arrival at the trench and free of older detrital mica. The ca. 450 Ma ages are, hence, interpreted as the time of crystallization during mylonitization under high fluid activity at fairly low temperatures. This means that accretion of the quartzite mylonite unit occured about 200 Ma before final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, amalgamation of the Siberian, Tarim and North China cratons, and formation of the end-Permian Solonker suture zone. We argue that the Early Paleozoic evolution of the Ondor Sum complex occurred along the northeastern Cimmerian margin of Gondwana, which was composed of micro-continents fringed by subduction-accretion complexes and island arcs. The later evolution took place during the building of the Eurasian continent following middle Devonian and younger rifting along the East Gondwanan margin and northward drift of the detached North China craton. An extensive review shows that this type of two-stage scenario probably also applies to the geodynamic evolution of other micro-continents like, South China, Tarim, a number of Kazakh terranes, Alashan, Qaidam and Kunlun, as well as South Kitakami and correlatives in Japan, and probably Indochina. Like the North China craton, these were bordered by Early Paleozoic subduction-accretion complexes, island arcs or contained calc-alkaline volcanic margins, like for example, the central Tienshan, North Qinling, North Qaidam-Altun, North Qilian and Kunlun belts in China, as well as the Oeyama and Miyamori ophiolites and Matsugadaira-Motai blueschist belt of Japan and the dismembered Sergeevka ophiolite of the southern part of the Russian Far East. This implies that a vast orogenic system, comprising an archipelago of micro-continents, seems to have existed along the Cimmerian margin of East Gondwana in Early Paleozoic time in which the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism that characterizes the early evolution of many of the Asian micro-continents occurred