5,665 research outputs found
Taking Place 8: Interstitial Breakfast
A contextualised presentation of an interstitial act by taking place at the AHRA conference Architecture and Feminisms: Ecologies, Economies, Technologies: 13th International Architectural Humanities Research Association Conference, KTH School of Architecture Stockholm 17-19 November 2016. Taking place (Jos Boys, Julia Dwyer, Teresa Hoskyns, Katie Lloyd Thomas and Helen Stratford) curated their 8th spatial intervention, tp8, a breakfast held early on the second conference day which addressed through conversation and evidence marked into table cloths , the conference participants' responses to an open call by taking place to the question âWhat are the relevant questions for architecture and feminism today
What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2015. Part 2: prevention and treatment
This review forms part of a series of annual updates that summarize the evidence base for atopic eczema (AE), providing a succinct guide for clinicians and patients. It provides a summary of key findings from 26 systematic reviews that were published during 2015, and focuses on the treatment and prevention of AE. For systematic reviews on the epidemiology and methodological issues, see Part 1 of this update. Topical corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome, âsteroid addictionâ, has been evaluated in a highâquality systematic review, which helps better define this entity and the risk factors for it. A Cochrane Review has not demonstrated any association between topical corticosteroid use in pregnancy and adverse outcomes, although very large quantities of potent/very potent topical corticosteroids may be associated with reduced birth weight. House dust mite avoidance strategies do not appear to prevent AE. Exposure to probiotics prenatally and in early infancy may help prevent AE, but there is no evidence that maternal diet or supplementation has a preventative effect
Simulating Hamiltonians in Quantum Networks: Efficient Schemes and Complexity Bounds
We address the problem of simulating pair-interaction Hamiltonians in n node
quantum networks where the subsystems have arbitrary, possibly different,
dimensions. We show that any pair-interaction can be used to simulate any other
by applying sequences of appropriate local control sequences. Efficient schemes
for decoupling and time reversal can be constructed from orthogonal arrays.
Conditions on time optimal simulation are formulated in terms of spectral
majorization of matrices characterizing the coupling parameters. Moreover, we
consider a specific system of n harmonic oscillators with bilinear interaction.
In this case, decoupling can efficiently be achieved using the combinatorial
concept of difference schemes. For this type of interactions we present optimal
schemes for inversion.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX2
Evaluation of a library of FDA-approved drugs for their ability to potentiate antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens
The Prestwick library was screened for antibacterial activity or 'antibiotic-resistance breaking' (ARB) potential against four species of Gram-negative pathogens. Discounting known antibacterials, the screen identified very few ARB hits, which were strain/drug specific. These ARB hits included antimetabolites (zidovudine, floxuridine, didanosine, gemcitabine), anthracyclines (daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, epirubicin) and psychoactive drugs (gabapentin, fluspirilene, oxethazaine). This suggests that there are few approved drugs which could be directly repositioned as adjunct-antibacterials and these will need robust testing to validate efficacy. [Abstract copyright: © Crown copyright 2019.
Comparison of Experimental vs Theoretical Abundances of ÂčÂłCHâD and ÂčÂČCHâDâ for Isotopically Equilibrated Systems from 1 to 500 °C
Methane is produced and consumed via numerous microbial and chemical reactions in atmospheric, hydrothermal, and magmatic reactions. The stable isotopic composition of methane has been used extensively for decades to constrain the source of methane in the environment. A recently introduced isotopic parameter used to study the formation temperature and formational conditions of methane is the measurement of molecules of methane with multiple rare, heavy isotopes (âclumpedâ) such as ÂčÂłCHâD and ÂčÂČCHâDâ. In order to place methane clumped-isotope measurements into a thermodynamic reference frame that allows calculations of clumped-isotope based temperatures (geothermometry) and comparison between laboratories, all past studies have calibrated their measurements using a combination of experiment and theory based on the temperature dependence of clumped isotopologue distributions for isotopically equilibrated systems. These have previously been performed at relatively high temperatures (>150ËC). Given that many natural occurrences of methane form below these temperatures, previous calibrations require extrapolation when calculating clumped-isotope based temperatures outside of this calibration range. We provide a new experimental calibration of the relative equilibrium abundances of ÂčÂłCHâD and ÂčÂČCHâDâ from 1â500ËC using a combination of Îł-AlâOâ and Ni-based catalysts and compare them to new theoretical computations using Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) methods and find 1:1 agreement (within ± 1 standard error) for the observed temperature dependence of clumping between experiment and theory over this range. This demonstrates that measurements, experiments, and theory agree from 1â500°C providing confidence in the overall approaches. Polynomial fits to PIMC computations, which are considered the most rigorous theoretical approach available, are given as follows (valid T â„ 270 K): âÂčÂłCHâDâ
1000Ăln(KÂčÂłCHâD)= 1.47348Ă10Âčâč/Tâ· - 2.08648Ă10Âčâ·/Tⶠ+ 1.19810Ă10Âčâ”/Tâ” - 3.54757Ă10ÂčÂČ/T⎠+5.54476Ă10âč/TÂł â 3.49294Ă10â¶/TÂČ + 8.89370Ă10â/T âÂčÂČCHâDââ
1000Ăln(8/3ĂKÂčÂČCHâDâ)= -9.67634Ă10Âčâ”/Tⶠ+ 1.71917Ă10ÂčâŽ/Tâ” - 1.24819Ă10ÂčÂČ/T⎠+ 4.30283Ă10âč/T3 -4.48660Ă10â¶/TÂČ + 1.86258Ă10Âł/T. We additionally compare PIMC computations to those performed utilizing traditional approaches that are the basis of most previous calibrations (Bigeleisen, Mayer, and Urey model, BMU) and discuss the potential sources of error in the BMU model relative to PIMC computations
'It's a Form of Freedom': The experiences of people with disabilities within equestrian sport
This paper explores the embodied, gendered experiences of disabled horseâriders. Drawing on data from five inâdepth interviews with paradressage riders, the ways in which their involvement in elite disability sport impacts upon their sense of identity and confidence are explored, as well as the considerable health and social benefits that this involvement brings. Social models of disability are employed and the shortcomings of such models, when applied to disability sport, are highlighted. The data presented here demonstrates the necessity of seeing disability sport as an embodied experience and acknowledging the importance of impairment to the experiences of disabled athletes. Living within an impaired body is also a gendered experience and the implications of this when applied to elite disability sport are considered
Similarities and Differences in People Accessing Prevention and Recovery Care Services and Inpatient Units in Victoria, Australia
Magnetic qubits as hardware for quantum computers
We propose two potential realisations for quantum bits based on nanometre
scale magnetic particles of large spin S and high anisotropy molecular
clusters. In case (1) the bit-value basis states |0> and |1> are the ground and
first excited spin states Sz = S and S-1, separated by an energy gap given by
the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency. In case (2), when there is
significant tunnelling through the anisotropy barrier, the qubit states
correspond to the symmetric, |0>, and antisymmetric, |1>, combinations of the
two-fold degenerate ground state Sz = +- S. In each case the temperature of
operation must be low compared to the energy gap, \Delta, between the states
|0> and |1>. The gap \Delta in case (2) can be controlled with an external
magnetic field perpendicular to the easy axis of the molecular cluster. The
states of different molecular clusters and magnetic particles may be entangled
by connecting them by superconducting lines with Josephson switches, leading to
the potential for quantum computing hardware.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Multi-omics bioactivity profile-based chemical grouping and read-across:a case study with Daphnia magna and azo dyes
Grouping/read-across is widely used for predicting the toxicity of data-poor target substance(s) using data-rich source substance(s). While the chemical industry and the regulators recognise its benefits, registration dossiers are often rejected due to weak analogue/category justifications based largely on the structural similarity of source and target substances. Here we demonstrate how multi-omics measurements can improve confidence in grouping via a statistical assessment of the similarity of molecular effects. Six azo dyes provided a pool of potential source substances to predict long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) for the dye Disperse Yellow 3 (DY3) as the target substance. First, we assessed the structural similarities of the dyes, generating a grouping hypothesis with DY3 and two Sudan dyes within one group. Daphnia magna were exposed acutely to equi-effective doses of all seven dyes (each at 3 doses and 3 time points), transcriptomics and metabolomics data were generated from 760 samples. Multi-omics bioactivity profile-based grouping uniquely revealed that Sudan 1 (S1) is the most suitable analogue for read-across to DY3. Mapping ToxPrint structural fingerprints of the dyes onto the bioactivity profile-based grouping indicated an aromatic alcohol moiety could be responsible for this bioactivity similarity. The long-term reproductive toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of DY3 was predicted from S1 (21-day NOEC, 40 ”g/L). This prediction was confirmed experimentally by measuring the toxicity of DY3 in D. magna. While limitations of this âomics approach are identified, the study illustrates an effective statistical approach for building chemical groups
An Open-System Quantum Simulator with Trapped Ions
The control of quantum systems is of fundamental scientific interest and
promises powerful applications and technologies. Impressive progress has been
achieved in isolating the systems from the environment and coherently
controlling their dynamics, as demonstrated by the creation and manipulation of
entanglement in various physical systems. However, for open quantum systems,
engineering the dynamics of many particles by a controlled coupling to an
environment remains largely unexplored. Here we report the first realization of
a toolbox for simulating an open quantum system with up to five qubits. Using a
quantum computing architecture with trapped ions, we combine multi-qubit gates
with optical pumping to implement coherent operations and dissipative
processes. We illustrate this engineering by the dissipative preparation of
entangled states, the simulation of coherent many-body spin interactions and
the quantum non-demolition measurement of multi-qubit observables. By adding
controlled dissipation to coherent operations, this work offers novel prospects
for open-system quantum simulation and computation.Comment: Pre-review submission to Nature. For an updated and final version see
publication. Manuscript + Supplementary Informatio
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