23,212 research outputs found
Comment on `Two-body random ensembles: from nuclear spectra to random polynomials
In PRL 85, 3773 (2000) it was suggested to use random polynomials to analyze
and understand the properties of two-body random ensembles. In this comment we
point out that for the vibron model the random polynomial is not quadratic, but
has a more general form. We make a comparison for the percentage of ground
states with L=0 in the vibron model with random interactions.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, Phys. Rev. Lett., in pres
PRODUCTIVITY IN U.S. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Productivity Analysis,
A quantum algorithm providing exponential speed increase for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors
We describe a new polynomial time quantum algorithm that uses the quantum
fast fourier transform to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hamiltonian
operator, and that can be applied in cases (commonly found in ab initio physics
and chemistry problems) for which all known classical algorithms require
exponential time. Applications of the algorithm to specific problems are
considered, and we find that classically intractable and interesting problems
from atomic physics may be solved with between 50 and 100 quantum bits.Comment: 10 page
The role of language in mathematical development; Evidence from children with specific language impairments.
A sample (n = 48) of eight-year-olds with specific language impairments is compared with age-matched (n = 55) and language matched controls (n = 55) on a range of tasks designed to test the interdependence of language and mathematical development. Performance across tasks varies substantially in the SLI group, showing profound deficits in production of the count word sequence and basic calculation and significant deficits in understanding of the place-value principle in Hindu-Arabic notation. Only in understanding of arithmetic principles does SLI performance approximate that of age-matched-controls, indicating that principled understanding can develop even where number sequence production and other aspects of number processing are severely compromised
Number skills and knowledge in children with specific language impairment.
The number skills of groups of 7- to 9-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) attending mainstream or special schools were compared with an age and nonverbal reasoning matched group (age control [AC]) and with a younger group matched on oral language comprehension. The SLI groups performed below the AC group on every skill. They also showed lower working memory functioning and had received lower levels of instruction. Nonverbal reasoning, working memory functioning, language comprehension, and instruction accounted for individual variation in number skills to differing extents depending on the skill. These factors did not explain the differences between SLI and AC groups on most skill
Quantum computation over continuous variables
This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing a
universal quantum computer over continuous variables. As an example, it is
shown how a universal quantum computer for the amplitudes of the
electromagnetic field might be constructed using simple linear devices such as
beam-splitters and phase shifters, together with squeezers and nonlinear
devices such as Kerr-effect fibers and atoms in optical cavities. Such a device
could in principle perform `quantum floating point' computations. Problems of
noise, finite precision, and error correction are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, Te
Quantum search without entanglement
Entanglement of quantum variables is usually thought to be a prerequisite for
obtaining quantum speed-ups of information processing tasks such as searching
databases. This paper presents methods for quantum search that give a speed-up
over classical methods, but that do not require entanglement. These methods
rely instead on interference to provide a speed-up. Search without entanglement
comes at a cost: although they outperform analogous classical devices, the
quantum devices that perform the search are not universal quantum computers and
require exponentially greater overhead than a quantum computer that operates
using entanglement. Quantum search without entanglement is compared to
classical search using waves.Comment: 9 pages, TeX, submitted to Physical Review Letter
A quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demon
A Maxwell's demon is a device that gets information and trades it in for
thermodynamic advantage, in apparent (but not actual) contradiction to the
second law of thermodynamics. Quantum-mechanical versions of Maxwell's demon
exhibit features that classical versions do not: in particular, a device that
gets information about a quantum system disturbs it in the process. In
addition, the information produced by quantum measurement acts as an additional
source of thermodynamic inefficiency. This paper investigates the properties of
quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demons, and proposes experimentally realizable
models of such devices.Comment: 13 pages, Te
On the Use of Historical Bathymetric Data to Determine Changes in Bathymetry: An Analysis of Errors and Application to Great Bay Estuary, NH
The depth measurements that are incorporated into bathymetric charts have associated errors with magnitudes depending on the survey circumstances and applied techniques. For this reason, combining and comparing depth measurements collected over many years with different techniques and standards is a difficult task which must be done with great caution. In this study we have developed an approach for comparing historical bathymetric surveys. Our methodology uses Monte Carlo modelling to account for the random error components inherited in the data due to positioning and depth measurement uncertainties
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