Las vacunas de la malaria y su potencial aportación para el control y eliminación de la enfermedad

A pesarde que la malaria se puede prevenir y tratar, sigue ejerciendo efectos devastadores en la salud y el modo de vida de las personas a nivel mundial. La comunidad internacional lleva décadas realizando esfuerzos conjuntos para la eliminación del paludismo, lo que ha supuesto importantes cambios en las estrategias de salud pública adoptadas por los países en la lucha contra esta enfermedad.La vacunación es una de las estrategias fundamentales para el control de las enfermedades infecciosas, sin embargo, no siempre se puede lograr de manera sencilla. Por suerte la vacunología es uno de los campos donde más se ha avanzado en las últimas décadas y existen varios ensayos clínicos en desarrollo de los que se esperan buenos resultados. La disponibilidad de vacunas seguras que proporcionen una protección duradera contra la malaria puede suponer un importante avance en la lucha contra la enfermedad, y debe ser estudiada en el contexto de la aplicación de otras intervenciones efectivas, como son el uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticida y el acceso a diagnóstico y tratamientos combinados con artemisinina.Despite the fact that malaria can be prevented and treated, it still produces devastating effects on health and wellbeing of millions worldwide. Due to global, national and local efforts towards malaria control and elimination, the landscape of public health strategies in the endemic countries is changing rapidly.Malaria vaccines are being developed and has reached a stage where they have been taken to phase III and phase IV trials. Vaccination is an essential strategyfor infectious disease control. However, the integration of new vaccines in an existing vaccination plan is not an easy endeavour. The availability of safe vaccines that produce long-lasting protection can be a considerable move in the fight against malaria worldwide. This should be studied in context where other effective public health interventions, such as long-lasting insecticide nets and access to rapid diagnosis and malaria combined treatment, are being applied

Where there is no CRVS : counting and registering deaths in conflict, emergencies, and fragile settings

The paper examines the role of civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems during crises associated with conflict, migration, disasters, and health emergencies, and in particular on counting and registering deaths and determining causes of death. It identifies gaps in the international response to registration of deaths and discusses how capturing this information and providing surviving family members with information and certificates helps to support institutional and societal resilience. These capacities pave the way for stability in the post-disaster and post-conflict future.Global Affairs Canada (GAC

En l’absence de systèmes ESEC, comment recenser et enregistrer les décès dans les contextes de conflit ou d’urgence ou dans les milieux fragiles?

Affaires mondiales Canad

Building resilient CRVS systems : lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergencies

French version in the LibraryCivil registration needs to be understood as an essential service. Especially in a rapidly evolving pandemic scenario, mortality statistics are needed in a timely manner for outbreak control and management. The performance of CRVS systems was worsened during the widespread lockdowns and restrictions on movement imposed by governments in an effort to slow COVID-19 transmission. This publication is a single chapter in a larger body of work, “The Compendium of Good Practices: Harnessing Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Systems in Conflict, Emergencies, and Fragile Settings.” Decision-makers need mortality data when deciding how, when, where, and for whom to implement public health measures.Global Affairs Canad

Créer des systèmes esec résistants : leçons tirées de la pandémie de COVID-19 et autres situations d’urgence

English version in the LibraryAffaires mondiales Canad

Exposing concerns about vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Objectives: Concerns about vaccination lead to under- and no-vaccination. Our objective is to synthesise and exposeevidence on individuals' and communities' concerns about vaccination to influence current debates on strategies to improve vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Systematic literature review till February 2014, following standard methods. Published and grey literature that focused on individuals and community concerns on childhood vaccinations were selected. Results: 44 quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies were included. Main reported concerns referred to perceptions of vaccine harms (e.g. attribution of fatal events). Other concerns included programme distrust (mainly due to rumours and conspiracies) and health system unfriendliness. Conclusions: Concerns about vaccination are widespread and further worsen the challenges related to programmatic and health system barriers to vaccination. There is a disconnection between qualitative and quantitative research which misses the opportunity to quantify what is reported in the former. Strikingly, there is a wealth of evidence on concerns but much lesser evidence on interventions to address them. We welcome World Health Organization initiative to tackle vaccine hesitancy and call for the synthesis of evidence and production of guidance on strategies to address concerns on vaccination

Image7_Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland.png

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women.Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2020–June 2021 to explore sex and age differences in COVID-19 cases and testing. The female-male incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for each week of the pandemic. We complemented our analysis with qualitative information on relevant containment measures in each country.Results: In Switzerland and in Spain, there was an excess of cases in women of 20–59 years old and 80+. This excess of cases was significant during the waves of the pandemic in both countries. In Switzerland, the biggest difference was observed for the age group 20–29, reaching an excess of 94% of cases compared to men during the first wave of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). The excess of cases in women was greater in Spain than in Switzerland, where it reached 159% for women aged 20–29 during the first wave (March–June 2020). In both countries, the age groups 60–79 had a significant excess of cases in men during the pandemic.Conclusion: COVID-19 public health policies affect men and women in different ways. Our findings highlight the importance of gender-sensitive responses to address a public health crisis.</p

Image3_Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland.PNG

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women.Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2020–June 2021 to explore sex and age differences in COVID-19 cases and testing. The female-male incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for each week of the pandemic. We complemented our analysis with qualitative information on relevant containment measures in each country.Results: In Switzerland and in Spain, there was an excess of cases in women of 20–59 years old and 80+. This excess of cases was significant during the waves of the pandemic in both countries. In Switzerland, the biggest difference was observed for the age group 20–29, reaching an excess of 94% of cases compared to men during the first wave of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). The excess of cases in women was greater in Spain than in Switzerland, where it reached 159% for women aged 20–29 during the first wave (March–June 2020). In both countries, the age groups 60–79 had a significant excess of cases in men during the pandemic.Conclusion: COVID-19 public health policies affect men and women in different ways. Our findings highlight the importance of gender-sensitive responses to address a public health crisis.</p

Image4_Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland.PNG

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women.Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2020–June 2021 to explore sex and age differences in COVID-19 cases and testing. The female-male incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for each week of the pandemic. We complemented our analysis with qualitative information on relevant containment measures in each country.Results: In Switzerland and in Spain, there was an excess of cases in women of 20–59 years old and 80+. This excess of cases was significant during the waves of the pandemic in both countries. In Switzerland, the biggest difference was observed for the age group 20–29, reaching an excess of 94% of cases compared to men during the first wave of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). The excess of cases in women was greater in Spain than in Switzerland, where it reached 159% for women aged 20–29 during the first wave (March–June 2020). In both countries, the age groups 60–79 had a significant excess of cases in men during the pandemic.Conclusion: COVID-19 public health policies affect men and women in different ways. Our findings highlight the importance of gender-sensitive responses to address a public health crisis.</p