CFD Analysis and Experiment Study of the Rotary Two-Stage Inverter Compressor with Vapor Injection

The offset angle of the upper and lower part of the crankshaft will affect the resistance of inspiration of high stage cylinder in the rotary two-stage inverter compressor with vapor injection, and then affect the performance. this paper presents the performance of the rotary two-stage inverter compressor with vapor injection in the bias angle of the crankshaft is calculated and compared with the experimental. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Under the operation of close vapor injection and open vapor injection, the performance of compressor can be improved 1% and 3% separately by optimize the bial angle of crankshaft.

Multi-omics analysis of DNA replication-associated primase polymerase (PRIMPOL) in pan-cancer: A potential target for prognosis and immune response

Background: It is critical to understand the mechanisms of human cancers in order to develop the effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Recent studies indicated that primase polymerase (PRIMPOL) is strongly associated with the development of human cancers. Nevertheless, a systematic pan-cancer analysis of PRIMPOL remains to be further clarified. Method: Comprehensive multi-omics bioinformatics algorithms, such as TIMER2.0, GEPIA2.0 and cBioPortal, were utilized to evaluate the biological roles of PRIMPOL in pan-cancer, including the expression profiles, genomic alterations, prognostic values and immune regulation. Results: PRIMPOL was upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The brain lower grade glioma patients with enhanced PRIMPOL expression displayed poor prognostic values. We also demonstrated the PRIMPOL's immunomodulating effects on pan-cancer as well as its genomic changes and methylation levels. The aberrant expression of PRIMPOL was linked to various cancer-associated pathways, including DNA damage response, DNA repair, and angiogenesis, according to single-cell sequencing and function enrichment. Conclusions: This pan-cancer analysis offers a thorough review of the functional roles of PRIMPOL in human cancers, suggesting PRIMPOL as a potentially important biomarker for the progression and immunotherapy of various cancers.</p

Comparing Enterovirus 71 with Coxsackievirus A16 by analyzing nucleotide sequences and antigenicity of recombinant proteins of VP1s and VP4s

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are two major etiological agents of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD). EV71 is associated with severe cases but not CA16. The mechanisms contributed to the different pathogenesis of these two viruses are unknown. VP1 and VP4 are two major structural proteins of these viruses, and should be paid close attention to.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The sequences of <it>vp1s </it>from 14 EV71 and 14 CA16, and <it>vp4s </it>from 10 EV71 and 1 CA16 isolated in this study during 2007 to 2009 HFMD seasons were analyzed together with the corresponding sequences available in GenBank using DNAStar and MEGA 4.0. Phylogenetic analysis of complete <it>vp1s </it>or <it>vp4s </it>showed that EV71 isolated in Beijing belonged to C4 and CA16 belonged to lineage B2 (lineage C). VP1s and VP4s from 4 strains of viruses expressed in <it>E. coli BL21 </it>cells were used to detect IgM and IgG in human sera by Western Blot. The detection of IgM against VP1s of EV71 and CA16 showed consistent results with current infection, while none of the sera were positive against VP4s of EV71 and CA16. There was significant difference in the positive rates between EV71 VP1 and CA16 VP1 (χ²= 5.02, P < 0.05) as well as EV71 VP4 and CA16 VP4 (χ²= 15.30, P < 0.01) in the detection of IgG against recombinant proteins with same batch of serum samples. The sera-positive rate of IgG against VP1 was higher than that against VP4 for both EV71 (χ²= 26.47, P < 0.01) and CA16 (χ²= 16.78, P < 0.01), which might be because of different positions of VP1 and VP4 in the capsid of the viruses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>EV71 and CA16 were highly diverse in the nucleotide sequences of <it>vp1s </it>and <it>vp4s</it>. The sera positive rates of VP1 and VP4 of EV71 were lower than those of CA16 respectively, which suggested a less exposure rate to EV71 than CA16 in Beijing population. Human serum antibodies detected by Western blot using VP1s and VP4s as antigen indicated that the immunological reaction to VP1 and VP4 of both EV71 and CA16 was different.</p

ATGL promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the p‐AKT signaling pathway

Abnormal metabolism, including abnormal lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of cancer cells. Some studies have demonstrated that the lipogenic pathway might promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells has not been elucidated. We evaluated the function of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma using methyl azazolyl blue and migration assay through overexpression of ATGL in HepG2 cells. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to assess the mechanisms of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the current study, we first constructed and transiently transfected ATGL into hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Secondly, we found that ATGL promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell lines via upregulating the phosphorylation of AKT, but did not affect the metastatic ability of HCC cells. Moreover, the p‐AKT inhibitor significantly eliminated the effect of ATGL on the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells. Taken together, our results indicated that ATGL promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation through upregulation of the AKT signaling pathway

Dynamic Characteristics Study with Multidegree-of-Freedom Coupling in TBM Cutterhead System Based on Complex Factors

A multidegree-of-freedom coupling dynamic model, which contains a joint cutterhead, an inner ring gear, a support shield body, and pinions, is established, considering the external stochastic excitations, time-varying meshing stiffness, transmission errors, clearance, and so forth. Based on the parameters of an actual project and the strong impact of external excitations, the modal properties and dynamic responses are analyzed, and the cutterhead joint surface loads are obtained and treated by rain flow count. Numerical results indicate that the low natural frequencies are 57 Hz and 61 Hz, and natural vibration modes are pinions-motors rotational mode and translational-overturning coupled mode of cutterhead with inner ring gear correspondingly. Besides, the axial and radial amplitude of dynamic responses are 0.55 mm and 0.25 mm, respectively. The frequencies of radial, torsional, and overturning vibrations are predominantly concentrated in 112 Hz and 120 Hz, which indicates that the vibration responses of cutterhead are mainly affected by the external excitations. Finally, as the rain-flow counting results have shown, the standard deviation of the cutterhead joint surface loads in each direction increases by 12–15 times, compared with that of the external excitations; therefore inertia effect should be considered in cutterhead design. The proposed research lays a foundation for dynamic performance optimization and fatigue crack growth life assessment of cutterhead structure

Wavelength Dependence of Solar Irradiance Enhancement During X-Class Flares and Its Influence on the Upper Atmosphere

The wavelength dependence of solar irradiance enhancement during flare events is one of the important factors in determining how the Thermosphere-Ionosphere (T-I) system responds to flares. To investigate the wavelength dependence of flare enhancement, the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) was run for 61 X-class flares. The absolute and the percentage increases of solar irradiance at flare peaks, compared to pre-flare conditions, have clear wavelength dependences. The 0-14 nm irradiance increases much more (approx. 680% on average) than that in the 14-25 nm waveband (approx. 65% on average), except at 24 nm (approx. 220%). The average percentage increases for the 25-105 nm and 122-190 nm wavebands are approx. 120% and approx. 35%, respectively. The influence of 6 different wavebands (0-14 nm, 14-25 nm, 25-105 nm, 105- 120 nm, 121.56 nm, and 122-175 nm) on the thermosphere was examined for the October 28th, 2003 flare (X17-class) event by coupling FISM with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) under geomagnetically quiet conditions (Kp=1). While the enhancement in the 0-14 nm waveband caused the largest enhancement of the globally integrated solar heating, the impact of solar irradiance enhancement on the thermosphere at 400 km is largest for the 25-105 nm waveband (EUV), which accounts for about 33 K of the total 45 K temperature enhancement, and approx. 7.4% of the total approx. 11.5% neutral density enhancement. The effect of 122-175 nm flare radiation on the thermosphere is rather small. The study also illustrates that the high-altitude thermospheric response to the flare radiation at 0-175 nm is almost a linear combination of the responses to the individual wavebands. The upper thermospheric temperature and density enhancements peaked 3-5 h after the maximum flare radiation

Correction Self-Healing and Injectable Hydrogel for Matching Skin Flap Regeneration

Several images in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure S7, Supporting Information, accidentally presented duplicate samples in the original article. The correct figures are presented below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.Peer reviewe

Self-healing and injectable hydrogel for matching skin flap regeneration

The fabrication of highly biocompatible hydrogels with multiple unique healing abilities for the whole healing process, for example, multifunctional hydrogels with injectable, degradation, antibacterial, antihypoxic, and wound healing–promoting properties that match the dynamic healing process of skin flap regeneration, is currently a research challenge. Here, a multifunctional and dynamic coordinative polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with mangiferin liposomes (MF‐Lip@PEG) is developed for clinical applications through Ag–S coordination of four‐arm‐PEG‐SH and Ag+. Compared to MF‐PEG, MF‐Lip@PEG exhibits self‐healing properties, lower swelling percentages, and a longer endurance period. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibits excellent drug dispersibility and release characteristics for slow and persistent drug delivery. In vitro studies show that the hydrogel is biocompatible and nontoxic to cells, and exerts an outstanding neovascularization‐promoting effect. The MF‐Lip@PEG also exhibits a strong cytoprotective effect against hypoxia‐induced apoptosis through regulation of the Bax/Bcl‐2/caspase‐3 pathway. In a random skin flap animal model, the MF‐Lip@PEG is injectable and convenient to deliver into the skin flap, providing excellent anti‐inflammation, anti‐infection, and proneovascularization effects and significantly reducing the skin flap necrosis rate. In general, the MF‐Lip@PEG possesses outstanding multifunctionality for the dynamic healing process of skin flap regeneration.Peer reviewe

A Biomimetic 3D-Self-Forming Approach for Microvascular Scaffolds

The development of science and technology often drew lessons from natural phenomena. Herein, inspired by drying-driven curling of apple peels, hydrogel-based micro-scaled hollow tubules (MHTs) are proposed for biomimicking microvessels, which promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. MHTs with various pipeline structures are fabricated using hydrogel in corresponding shapes, such as Y-branches, anastomosis rings, and triangle loops. Adjustable diameters can be achieved by altering the concentration and cross-linking time of the hydrogel. Based on this rationale, biomimetic microvessels with diameters of 50-500 mu m are cultivated in vitro by coculture of MHTs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vivo studies show their excellent performance to promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. In conclusion, the present work proposes and validifies a biomimetic 3D self-forming method for the fabrication of biomimetic vessels and microvascular scaffolds with high biocompatibility and stability based on hydrogel materials, such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid.Peer reviewe