2,009 research outputs found

    On the Origins of Negative Attitudes Towards People With Disabilities

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    The literature review classifies reported sources of negative attitudes toward the disabled into 13 psychodynamic and sociological categories and stresses the difficulty of quickly changing such negative attitudes

    The Tripartite Model of Rehabilitation Intervention: Basics, Goals and Rehabilitation Strategies

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    This paper discusses the tripartite model of rehabilitation as embedded within the broader model of therapeutic interventions. Rehabilitation, or tertiary intervention, can be viewed as addressing specific goals as they relate to diverse functional limitations. The three phases, or components, of rehabilitation intervention discussed include: (a) disability minimization in an effort to reduce its impact upon life activities; (b) skill development, as an attempt to compensate for limitations imposed by permanent losses; and (c) environmental manipulation to promote physical and social-attitudinal accessibility. The paper concludes with discussion of the model\u27s applicability to the field of rehabilitation counseling

    A Neural Network Approach to Muon Triggering in ATLAS

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    The extremely high rate of events that will be produced in the future Large Hadron Collider requires the triggering mechanism to make precise decisions in a few nano-seconds. This poses a complicated inverse problem, arising from the inhomogeneous nature of the magnetic fields in ATLAS. This thesis presents a study of an application of Artificial Neural Networks to the muon triggering problem in the ATLAS end-cap. A comparison with realistic results from the ATLAS first level trigger simulation was in favour of the neural network, but this is mainly due to superior resolution available off-line. Other options for applying a neural network to this problem are discussed

    Translesion DNA synthesis-assisted non-homologous end-joining of complex double-strand breaks prevents loss of DNA sequences in mammalian cells

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    Double strand breaks (DSB) are severe DNA lesions, and if not properly repaired, may lead to cell death or cancer. While there is considerable data on the repair of simple DSB (sDSB) by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), little is known about the repair of complex DSBs (cDSB), namely breaks with a nearby modification, which precludes ligation without prior processing. To study the mechanism of cDSB repair we developed a plasmid-based shuttle assay for the repair of a defined site-specific cDSB in cultured mammalian cells. Using this assay we found that repair efficiency and accuracy of a cDSB with an abasic site in a 5′ overhang was reduced compared with a sDSB. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) across the abasic site located at the break prevented loss of DNA sequences, but was highly mutagenic also at the template base next to the abasic site. Similar to sDSB repair, cDSB repair was totally dependent on XrccIV, and altered in the absence of Ku80. In contrast, Artemis appears to be specifically involved in cDSB repair. These results may indicate that mammalian cells have a damage control strategy, whereby severe deletions are prevented at the expense of the less deleterious point mutations during NHEJ

    Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to Extinction of Aversive Memories

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    SummaryEmotional memories can persist for a lifetime but can also undergo extinction. Although we know about the mechanisms involved in expression and extinction, we know very little about the mechanisms that determine whether a specific memory would persist or not. Here, we use partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) to explore the neural mechanisms that differentiate persistent from labile memories. We recorded the simultaneous activity of neurons in the amygdala and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) while monkeys engaged in tone-odor aversive conditioning. We report that under continuous reinforcement schedule (ConS), activity in the amygdala precedes behavioral response, whereas under partial schedule (ParS), dACC activity precedes it. Moreover, we find that ParS induced cross-regional pairwise correlations throughout the entire acquisition session, and their magnitude and precision predicted the later resistance to extinction. Our results suggest that memory persistence depends on distributed representations and, specifically, resistance to extinction of aversive memories is maintained by correlated amygdala-dACC activity
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