Il decreto ateniese per i Faseliti (IG I3 10) e le multe di 10.000 dracme nel V sec.

Nei decreti dell’Assemblea ateniese del V sec. a.C. è frequente la previsione di multe a carico di magistrati o di cittadini che ostacolino l’applicazione dei provvedimenti adottati. Sono noti dieci casi in cui i decreti minacciano gli inadempienti con l’enorme somma di 10.000 dracme: secondo le datazioni oggi più accreditate uno di questi decreti è posteriore al 434, otto appartengono certamente al periodo della Guerra del Peloponneso, in particolare agli anni Venti (sei casi). Questo lavoro prende approfonditamente in esame IG I3 10 – il Decreto per i Faseliti oggetto di proposte di datazione oscillanti tra il 466 e l’inizio del IV sec. – sostenendo che proprio l’ammontare della multa costituisca un importante elemento aggiuntivo in appoggio ad una datazione del documento intorno al 425, abbondantemente corroborata da altri riscontri.In the 5th century BC, the Athenian Assembly frequently issued decrees which threatened to impose heavy fines on those magistrates or commoners who obstructed the enforcement of the laws approved by the Assembly itself. Today we know ten inscriptions reporting as many decrees, in which the fines were fixed at 10.000 drachmai, a stunningly high amount of money. According to the most trustworthy hypotheses concerning the date of these decrees, one of them was approved in (or after) 434 BC, while eight relate undoubtedly to the period of the Peloponnesian War, especially to the ’20s (six cases out of eight). Through a thorough analysis of IG I3 10 – the “Phaselis Decree”, which various scholars have dated differently, ranging from 466 to the beginning of the 4th century BC – this paper argues that, besides other historical proof, the amount of the fine is an important piece of evidence which strongly supports the suggestion for the dating of the decree around 425 BC

Dark current spectroscopy of transition metals in CMOS image sensors

We have investigated the effects of deliberate heavymetals contamination on dark current and image defects in CMOS Image Sensors (CIS). Analysis of dark current in these imager dice has revealed different behaviors among most important 3d metals present in the process line. We have implanted directly in 3 Mega array pixels the following metals: Cr, V, Cu, Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, W, Al and Zn. Analyzing the dark current "spectrum" as obtained for fixed integration periods of time by means of standard image-Testing equipment, these impurities can be identified and detected with a sensitivity of ∼ 109 traps/cm3 or higher

Colorectal surgery in Italy during the Covid19 outbreak: a survey from the iCral study group

Background The COVID19 pandemic had a deep impact on healthcare facilities in Italy, with profound reorganization of surgical activities. The Italian ColoRectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) study group collecting 43 Italian surgical centers experienced in colorectal surgery from multiple regions performed a quick survey to make a snapshot of the current situation. Methods A 25-items questionnaire was sent to the 43 principal investigators of the iCral study group, with questions regard- ing qualitative and quantitative aspects of the surgical activity before and after the COVID19 outbreak. Results Two-thirds of the centers were involved in the treatment of COVID19 cases. Intensive care units (ICU) beds were partially or totally reallocated for the treatment of COVID19 cases in 72% of the hospitals. Elective colorectal surgery for malignancy was stopped or delayed in nearly 30% of the centers, with less than 20% of them still scheduling elective colo- rectal resections for frail and comorbid patients needing postoperative ICU care. A significant reduction of the number of colorectal resections during the time span from January to March 2020 was recorded, with significant delay in treatment in more than 50% of the centers. Discussion Our survey confirms that COVID19 outbreak is severely affecting the activity of colorectal surgery centers partici- pating to iCral study group. This could impact the activity of surgical centers for many months after the end of the emergency

High-grade transformation of a polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundPolymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) represents the second most widespread neoplasm of the minor salivary glands. These tumors rarely develop a histological progression from low-grade to high-grade malignancy, named “high-grade transformation” (HGT). Only nine cases are described in literature.Case descriptionHere, we describe the case of a 76-year-old male patient with a PAC recurrence of the oral floor displaying HGT, and we explore the tumor cytomorphological features, genomic profiling, and the patient’s clinical management. The tumor mass was characterized by poorly atypical cellular elements with vesicular nuclei and comedonecrosis foci. The growth pattern was predominantly solid, tubular, and cribriform. The lesion did not show microsatellite instability or targeted molecular alterations. The case was successfully treated with radical surgery followed by radiotherapy.ConclusionWe report for the first time the recurrence of a PAC with HGT arising in the oral floor after 20 years from the primary lesion. These preliminary data and the literature analysis enhance the knowledge of this extremely rare disease

European futures : the politics and practice of research policies in the European Union

Over the past decades, research policies have gained an increasing importance in the overall strategy of the European Union. Early programmes date back to the late 1970s, but in recent years the promotion and funding of scientific research have become a central field of European governance within the wider policy drive towards the making of a ‘knowledge-economy’ in Europe. These developments are not only relevant to better understanding the process of European integration, but they also constitute an important chapter in the history of modern science. Today, EU framework programmes, the main instrument for research support at the European level, are arguably the biggest research funding scheme in the world. Moreover, European policies have introduced innovative practices of scientific collaboration and a new culture of research, which has contributed to key changes in the social and organisational dimension of science. This sociological work examines these issues at two interrelated levels of analysis. First, it explores the emergence and development of Community research policies, in the changing political, cultural and economic context from the 1970s to the present, with a focus on the main narratives that have sustained and legitimised policy choices. Particular attention is paid to the life sciences and biotechnology as a research area where important issues of European governance and political culture emerged and were negotiated. Second, it aims to gain an understanding of the ways in which policy strategies have worked out in the actual practice of scientific cooperation. To do so, the second part of the thesis discusses the results of a micro-sociological study of two transnational networks in stem cell research, funded by the European Union under the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006).EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Testicolo non palpabile nell’adulto: trattamento laparoscopico

Il criptorchidismo ha un’incidenza variabile fra lo 0,8% e il 2% nella popolazione generale; nel 20% dei casi il testicolo non è palpabile. Questi ultimi casi hanno un aumentato rischio di trasformazione maligna, infertilità e malformazioni epididimali. Il trattamento chirurgico dei testicoli ritenuti non palpabili ha più elevate percentuali di fallimento se paragonato ai casi palpabili. Sono state descritte diverse procedure diagnostiche, di cui la più promettente sembra essere la laparoscopia per la maggiore affidabilità rispetto alle tecniche di imaging nell’individuare la sede del testicolo ritenuto

A rare case of blunt thoracoabdominal trauma with small bowel perforation from airbag

Vehicle collisions represent more than 75% of mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma. In spite of the incomparable improvement of car safety devices, recent studies pointed out that the airbag might cause injuries, specially when it is not associated with seatbelt. In fact, some studies pointed out that crash victims using airbag alone have increased injury severity, hospitalisations, thoracoabdominal procedure, and rehabilitation. Some of the most frequently injured organs reported from airbag deployment are the liver (38%), the spleen (23%) and digestive system (17%). Injury of the hollow viscera are far less common. In particular, blunt abdominal trauma resulting in small bowel perforation is an infrequent lesion. These injuries are difficult to diagnose because specific signs are poor and a delay in treatment increases mortality and morbidity of the patients. We describe a case of thoracoabdominal trauma occurred during a head-on collision after an airbag deployment without seatbelt us

Optical coherence tomography for classification and clinical evaluation of macular edema in patients with uveitis

Purpose: To study use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for macular edema in uveitis. Methods: In total, 44 patients with uveitis and macular edema underwent OCT. Data obtained were correlated with anatomic type, duration of uveitis, and visual acuity (VA). Results: Both cystoid macular edema (CME) and diffuse macular edema (DME) correlate negatively with VA, although statistically CME showed stronger correlation (p = .02). Also CME had higher mean foveal thickness than DME (p < .01). Negative correlation between foveal thickness and VA (p < .05) was observed. CME correlates with uveitis duration (p < .01). Conclusions: CME and macular thickening correlate with VA reduction and uveitis duration