Subjective and objective perception of orthodontic treatment need: a systematic review

The aim of this work was to investigate the published evidence on the comparison of self-perception and diagnosis of orthodontic treatment need. A search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Scopus databases, and archives of two orthodontic journals was carried out from January 1966 to August 2011 by the two authors using Medical Subject Heading terms. Studies that investigated solely either self-perception of orthodontic need by laypersons or assessment of orthodontic need by professionals were excluded from the data analysis. The methodological soundness of each study and the aggregate level of evidence were evaluated according to predetermined criteria. Moderate level of evidence, the relatively highest grade, was assigned to 9.1 per cent of the 22 studies, finally included in the data analysis. The overall evidence level provided by the evaluated publications was rated as limited. However, the existing body of evidence indicated a highly variable association between self-perception of orthodontic treatment need and orthodontist's assessment. Future controlled studies with well-defined samples and common assessment methodology will clarify further the relationship between perception of treatment need by laypersons and orthodontists and enhance international comparison and development of health care strategie

LIGO vacuum system study

A laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) is being developed with sensitivities which will have a high probability of detecting gravitational waves from astrophysical sources. A major component of LIGO is a total of 16 km of 1.2 m (48 inch) diameter tube at a pressure of less than 10 to the minus 8th power torr. It will be of 304L stainless steel procured directly from the steel mills with the initial hydrogen content specially reduced. Projections of the outgassing rates of hydrogen and of water vapor as a function of time are given and the uncertainties discussed. Based on these, a preliminary analysis of the vacuum system is presented

Possible LISA Technology Applications for Other Missions

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has been selected as the third large class mission launch opportunity of the Cosmic Visions Program by the European Space Agency (ESA). LISA science will explore a rich spectrum of astrophysical gravitational-wave sources expected at frequencies between 0.0001 and 0.1 Hz and complement the work of other observatories and missions, both space and ground-based, electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic. Similarly, LISA technology may find applications for other missions. This paper will describe the capabilities of some of the key technologies and discuss possible contributions to other missions

Space-Based Gravitational-wave Mission Concept Studies

The LISA Mission Concept has been under study for over two decades as a spacebased gravitational-wave detector capable of observing astrophysical sources in the 0.0001 to 1 Hz band. The concept has consistently received strong recommendations from various review panels based on the expected science, most recently from the US Astr02010 Decadal Review. Budget constraints have led both the US and European Space agencies to search for lower cost options. We report results from the US effort to explore the tradeoffs between mission cost and science return, and in particular a family of mission concepts referred to as SGO (Space-based Gravitational-wave Observatory)

“Dear Doctor, greetings of the day!”:A 1-year observational study of presumed predatory journal invitations

Background: This study aimed at investigating the predatory publishing phenomenon in orthodontics by analyzing the content of unsolicited e-mail invitations received within 12 months.Methods: All electronic invitations for manuscript submission, review and editorial membership received between 1 October 2021 and 30 September 2022 were collected from an orthodontist’s inbox. The following data were recorded for each e-mail: date, journal title and origin, requested contribution, e-mail language, relevance to the researcher’s discipline, journal characteristics (claimed metrics, editorial services, article types accepted, and publication fees), journal/publisher contact information and online presence. Journal/Publisher legitimacy and publishing standards were evaluated by listing in the Beall’s list of potential predatory journals and publishers, the Predatory Reports of Cabell’s Scholarly Analytics, and the Directory of Open Access Journals.Results: A total of 875 e-mail invitations deriving from 256 journals were retrieved within the observation period, with most of them soliciting article submissions. More than 76% of the solicitations originated from journals and publishers included in the blocklists used in the study. Salient features of predatory journals like flattering language, abundant grammatical errors, unclear publication charges and wide variety of article types and topics accepted for publication were confirmed for the examined journals/publishers.Conclusions: Nearly 8 out of 10 unsolicited e-mail invitations sent to orthodontists for scholarly contribution may be related to journals suspicious for publishing malpractices and suboptimal standards. Excessive flattering language, grammatical errors, broad range of submissions, and incomplete journal contact information were commonly encountered findings. Researchers in orthodontics should be alert to the unethical policies of illegitimate journals and their harmful consequences on the scientific literature.</p

Análisis de insumo-producto de energía y observaciones sobre el desarrollo sustentable, caso mexicano 1970-2010

ResumenLa energía para México es un elemento importante de su desarrollo, su adecuada gestión puede contribuir a alcanzar criterios de sustentabilidad. La transformación de energía disponible a energía útil ha aumentado por la producción de hidrocarburos y no por mejoras tecnológicas en la transformación y distribución de energía11Se entiende por energía disponible la cantidad de energía producida, después de los procesos de conversión de energía. Y por energía útil aquella que se utilizó en los centros de consumo. Se utiliza el concepto de requerimientos energéticos de energía con la metodología de insumo-producto y el análisis de cambio estructural. Los resultados confirman que la estructura del sistema energético mexicano se ha anclado a los hidrocarburos, y son las exportaciones de energía, los sectores económicos, el residencial y el transporte los principales consumidores. La relación del consumo directo e indirecto con respecto al consumo total ha cambiado de 70%-30% a 40%-60%, respectivamente. 80% del consumo directo está concentrado en los sectores transporte, economía y exportaciones de energía, 97% del consumo indirecto son las exportaciones de energía, la economía y los medios de transporte, y del consumo total, 83% se encuentra en las exportaciones de energía, la economía y los medios de transporte. Los resultados del análisis muestran que el efecto de mayor peso para el sistema fueron las variaciones en el uso de energía, y los de menor peso fueron las eficiencias en la transformación de energía y las capacidades de sustitución energética. Además al aplicar el análisis a cada uno de los sectores se observa que las causas de la evolución de su consumo de energía han tenido distintas trayectorias. Se concluye que la principal causa de los cambios directos e indirectos en el consumo de energía lo provocó la producción de hidrocarburos en la década de los 70, aumentando la entropía del sistema energético mexicano. Se identifica la diversificación energética como la opción que tienen las implicaciones positivas de mayor peso para el sistema, al alterar los componentes directos e indirectos del consumo de energía.AbstractEnergy for Mexico is an important element for its development: its proper management can contribute to achieve sustainability criteria. The processing for available energy to useful energy has increased due to the fossil fuel production and not technological improvements in conversion and distribution of energy. The concept of energy requirements of energy is used with the input-output methodology and the structural change analysis. The results confi that the Mexican energy system structure is coupled to fossil fuel, where energy exports, economics, residential and transportation have been the main consumers. The relationship of the direct and indirect energy consumption in regard to the total has changed from 70%-30% to 40%-60% respectively. The 80% of direct consumption is concentrated in transportation, economics and energy exports, 97% of indirect consumption are energy exports, economics and transportation, and in the total consumption, 83% is concentrated in energy exports, economics and transportation. The analysis results show that the most representative eff was the variations in energy consumption, and the least representative was the efficiency in energy conversion and the energy replacement capabilities. In addition to applying the analysis to each sector it was observed that they have had diff trajectories in the causes of their energy consumption evolution. It is concluded that the main cause of direct and indirect changes in energy consumption was the production of hydrocarbons in the decade of the 70's, increasing the entropy of the Mexican energy system. Energy diversification is identifi as the option that has the most signifi positive implications for the system by altering the direct and indirect components of the total energy consumption