Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinically relevant anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their potential association with ethmoid and maxillary sinus pathologies on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Additionally, potential associations with different sides and demographic factors, including age and sex, were evaluated. Materials and Methods In total, 273 CBCT scans with complete ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Agger nasi cell, supraorbital ethmoid cell, Haller cell, Onodi cell, and ethmomaxillary sinus. In addition, the health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses was also recorded to assess correlations with the aforementioned variations. Results The prevalence of Agger nasi cell was found to be the highest (95.6%) in this study, followed by Onodi cell (60.4%), Haller cell (29.3%), and supraorbital ethmoid cell (19.4%). Ethmomaxillary sinus was the least common finding (16.5%). Males and persons above 61 years of age had a significantly higher frequency of supraorbital ethmoid cell and Onodi cell, respectively. However, no significant relationships were noted between anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinus and pathologies of the ethmoid or maxillary sinus. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of ethmoid sinus variations in this Southern Chinese population. The prevalence of Agger nasi cell and Onodi cell was higher than that of other anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses. Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses were not associated with ethmoid or maxillary sinus pathologies in this patient cohort

Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass

Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy is frequently used to cross with C. dactylon Pers. in the creation of F1 hybrid cultivars that are some of the most widely used in the worldwide turf industry. However, molecular resource development in this species is limited. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to construct a high-density genetic map, and to identify genomic regions associated with establishment rate. In this study, we constructed the first high-density linkage map for African bermudagrass using a genotyping by sequencing approach based on 109 S1 progenies. A total of 1,246 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 32 simple sequence repeat markers were integrated in the linkage map. The total length of nine linkage groups was 882.3 cM, with an average distance of 0.69 cM per interval. Four genomic regions were identified to be associated with sod establishment rate. The results provide important genetic resources towards understanding the genome as well as marker-assisted selection for improving the establishment rate in bermudagrass breeding.Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePlant and Soil Science

Clonado posicional de los genes de vernalización de trigo

Con el objetivo de llegar a un mayor entendimiento del mecanismo del proceso de vernalización y su interacción con otros factores ambientales en la determinación del momento de floración en el trigo se planteó como primer paso el aislamiento de los genes Vrn1 y Vrn2 utilizando como estrategia el clonado posicional. El clonado mediante caminata cromosómica en el trigo reviste cierta complejidad debido al gran tamaño del genoma (5.600 Mb en el genoma haploide de Triticum monoccum, AmAm, y 16.000 Mb en el de T. aestivum, AABBDD) y la abundancia de elementos repetitivos. A fin de disminuir la probabilidad de que estos elementos repetitivos detuvieran la caminata, tanto para el clonado de Vrn1 como el de Vrn2, se utilizaron las regiones ortólogas de arroz, cebada y sorgo como puntos de apoyo para superar estas regiones genómicas. En este artículo se resumen los logros alcanzados en el clonado posicional de Vrn1 y Vrn2 y se plantea un modelo para explicar a nivel molecular las interacciones entre estos genes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Clonado posicional de los genes de vernalización de trigo

Con el objetivo de llegar a un mayor entendimiento del mecanismo del proceso de vernalización y su interacción con otros factores ambientales en la determinación del momento de floración en el trigo se planteó como primer paso el aislamiento de los genes Vrn1 y Vrn2 utilizando como estrategia el clonado posicional. El clonado mediante caminata cromosómica en el trigo reviste cierta complejidad debido al gran tamaño del genoma (5.600 Mb en el genoma haploide de Triticum monoccum, AmAm, y 16.000 Mb en el de T. aestivum, AABBDD) y la abundancia de elementos repetitivos. A fin de disminuir la probabilidad de que estos elementos repetitivos detuvieran la caminata, tanto para el clonado de Vrn1 como el de Vrn2, se utilizaron las regiones ortólogas de arroz, cebada y sorgo como puntos de apoyo para superar estas regiones genómicas. En este artículo se resumen los logros alcanzados en el clonado posicional de Vrn1 y Vrn2 y se plantea un modelo para explicar a nivel molecular las interacciones entre estos genes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Clonado posicional de los genes de vernalización de trigo

Con el objetivo de llegar a un mayor entendimiento del mecanismo del proceso de vernalización y su interacción con otros factores ambientales en la determinación del momento de floración en el trigo se planteó como primer paso el aislamiento de los genes Vrn1 y Vrn2 utilizando como estrategia el clonado posicional. El clonado mediante caminata cromosómica en el trigo reviste cierta complejidad debido al gran tamaño del genoma (5.600 Mb en el genoma haploide de Triticum monoccum, AmAm, y 16.000 Mb en el de T. aestivum, AABBDD) y la abundancia de elementos repetitivos. A fin de disminuir la probabilidad de que estos elementos repetitivos detuvieran la caminata, tanto para el clonado de Vrn1 como el de Vrn2, se utilizaron las regiones ortólogas de arroz, cebada y sorgo como puntos de apoyo para superar estas regiones genómicas. En este artículo se resumen los logros alcanzados en el clonado posicional de Vrn1 y Vrn2 y se plantea un modelo para explicar a nivel molecular las interacciones entre estos genes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Precisely mapping a major gene conferring resistance to Hessian fly in bread wheat using genotyping-by-sequencing

Background: One of the reasons hard red winter wheat cultivar 'Duster' (PI 644016) is widely grown in the southern Great Plains is that it confers a consistently high level of resistance to biotype GP of Hessian fly (Hf). However, little is known about the genetic mechanism underlying Hf resistance in Duster. This study aimed to unravel complex structures of the Hf region on chromosome 1AS in wheat by using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.Results: Doubled haploid (DH) lines generated from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, 'Duster' and 'Billings', were used to identify genes in Duster responsible for effective and consistent resistance to Hf. Segregation in reaction of the 282 DH lines to Hf biotype GP fit a one-gene model. The DH population was genotyped using 2,358 markers developed using the GBS approach. A major QTL, explaining 88% of the total phenotypic variation, was mapped to a chromosome region that spanned 178 cM and contained 205 GBS markers plus 1 SSR marker and 1 gene marker, with 0.86 cM per marker in genetic distance. The analyses of GBS marker sequences and further mapping of SSR and gene markers enabled location of the QTL-containing linkage group on the short arm of chromosome 1A. Comparative mapping of the common markers for the gene for QHf.osu-1A d in Duster and the Hf-resistance gene for QHf.osu-1A 74 in cultivar '2174' showed that the two Hf resistance genes are located on the same chromosome arm 1AS, only 11.2 cM apart in genetic distance. The gene at QHf.osu-1A d in Duster has been delimited within a 2.7 cM region.Conclusion: Two distinct resistance genes exist on the short arm of chromosome 1A as found in the two hard red winter cultivars, 2174 and Duster. Whereas the Hf resistance gene in 2174 is likely allelic to one or more of the previously mapped resistance genes (H9, H10, H11, H16, or H17) in wheat, the gene in Duster is novel and confers a more consistent phenotype than 2174 in response to biotype GP infestation in controlled-environment assays.Peer reviewedPlant and Soil Science

Genetic basis of the very short life cycle of ‘Apogee’ wheat

Background: ‘Apogee’ has a very short life cycle among wheat cultivars (flowering 25 days after planting under a long day and without vernalization), and it is a unique genetic material that can be used to accelerate cycling breeding lines. However, little is known about the genetic basis of the super-short life of Apogee wheat. Results: In this study, Apogee was crossed with a strong winter wheat cultivar ‘Overland’, and 858 F2 plants were generated and tested in a greenhouse under constant warm temperature and long days. Apogee wheat was found to have the early alleles for four flowering time genes, which were ranked in the order of vrn-A1 \u3e VRN-B1 \u3e vrn- D3 \u3e PPD-D1 according to their effect intensity. All these Apogee alleles for early flowering showed complete or partial dominance effects in the F2 population. Surprisingly, Apogee was found to have the same alleles at vrn-A1a and vrn-D3a for early flowering as observed in winter wheat cultivar ‘Jagger.’ It was also found that the vrn-A1a gene was epistatic to VRN-B1 and vrn-D3. The dominant vrn-D3a alone was not sufficient to cause the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in winter plants without vernalization but was able to accelerate flowering in those plants that carry the vrn-A1a or Vrn-B1 alleles. The genetic effects of the vernalization and photoperiod genes were validated in Apogee x Overland F3 populations. Conclusion: VRN-A1, VRN-B1, VRN-D3, and PPD-D1 are the major genes that enabled Apogee to produce the very short life cycle. This study greatly advanced the molecular understanding of the multiple flowering genes under different genetic backgrounds and provided useful molecular tools that can be used to accelerate winter wheat breeding schemes