Direct synthesis iron oxide nanoparticles using ramie, lemon and dragon fruit as green and low cost approach

Plant extracts have been used as agent reduction capping to synthesise various nanoparticlesdue to the process is a low cost, large-scale method and environmental friendly. Herein, ironoxide nanoparticles were synthesized using ramie, lemon and dragon fruit extracts. Thecharacterization results show that all synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles had almost similardiameters, shape and crystalline phases although different of plants extracts were used.Among the plants, ramie has cheapest market price in which the cost production of iron oxidenanoparticles can be reduced significantly.Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles; scanning electron microscop

Comparison of Volatile Compounds in Two Brandies Using HS-SPME Coupled with GC-O, GC-MS and Sensory Evaluation

The aim of this study was to compare the volatile compounds between Changyu XO and Hennessy XO. Sensoryevaluation was performed by a panel of tasters. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis was achieved byheadspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS)and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). A total of 160 volatile compounds were identified in the twobrands of brandy. Of these, 118 compounds were common to both Changyu XO and Hennessy XO; 18 compoundswere specific to Changyu XO and 24 were specific to Hennessy XO. A total of 85 aroma compounds responsiblefor brandy flavour were identified by GC-O, of which 68 were common to both brands, while seven and tenwere specific to Changyu XO and Hennessy XO, respectively. The study provided detailed information aboutthe compounds responsible for the characteristic flavour of specific brandies. According to statistical analysis,significant differences were recorded between Changyu XO and Hennessy XO. Most volatile compounds inChangyu XO occurred at lower concentrations than those in Hennessy XO. Based on sensory evaluation analysis,the floral, alcohol and rancid aroma descriptors achieved higher scores in Changyu XO and Hennessy XO, whilethe lime aroma seemed specific to Hennessy XO. Herb and almond aromas were specific to Changyu XO

Understanding the newly observed Y(4008) by Belle

Very recently a new enhancement around 4.05 GeV was observed by Belle experiment. In this short note, we discuss some possible assignments for this enhancement, i.e. $\psi(3S)$ and $D^*\bar{D}^*$ molecular state. In these two assignments, Y(4008) can decay into $J/\psi\pi^0\pi^0$ with comparable branching ratio with that of $Y(4008)\to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$. Thus one suggests high energy experimentalists to look for Y(4008) in $J/\psi\pi^0\pi^0$ channel. Furthermore one proposes further experiments to search missing channel $D\bar{D}$, $D\bar{D}^*+h.c.$ and especially $\chi_{cJ}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and $\eta_c\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, which will be helpful to distinguish $\psi(3S)$ and $D^*\bar{D}^*$ molecular state assignments for this new enhancement.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Typos correcte

Tortoise coordinate and Hawking effect in a dynamical Kerr black hole

Hawking effect from a dynamical Kerr black hole is investigated using the improved Damour-Ruffini method with a new tortoise coordinate transformation. Hawking temperature of the black hole can be obtained point by point at the event horizon. It is found that Hawking temperatures of different points on the surface are different. Moreover, the temperature does not turn to zero while the dynamical black hole turns to an extreme one.Comment: 7 page

Hadronic Parity Violation and Inelastic Electron-Deuteron Scattering

We compute contributions to the parity-violating (PV) inelastic electron-deuteron scattering asymmetry arising from hadronic PV. While hadronic PV effects can be relatively important in PV threshold electro- disintegration, we find that they are highly suppressed at quasielastic kinematics. The interpretation of the PV quasielastic asymmetry is, thus, largely unaffected by hadronic PV.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures, uses REVTeX and BibTe

Tunnelling through black rings

Hawking radiation of black ring solutions to 5-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity theory is analyzed by use of the Parikh-Wilczek tunnelling method. To get the correct tunnelling amplitude and emission rate, we adopted and developed the Angheben-Nadalini-Vanzo-Zerbini covariant approach to cover the effects of rotation and electronic discharge all at once, and the effect of back reaction is also taken into account. This constitute a unified approach to the tunnelling problem. Provided the first law of thermodynamics for black rings holds, the emission rate is proportional to the exponential of the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Explicit calculation for black ring temperatures agree exactly with the results obtained via the classical surface gravity method and the quasilocal formalism.Comment: 10 pages, V2: various modifications throughout the text, plus a lot of newly added reference

Hepatitis B virus subgenotype C2 is the most prevalent subgenotype in northeast China

AbstractThe geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes and their clinical implications in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B in the Heilung-kiang province of northeast China were investigated. Nested PCR and multiplex PCR were performed with genotype-specific primers and with subgenotype-specific primers to identify genotypes and subgenotypes from serum samples of 412 HBV infections including 69 with acute self-limited hepatitis (ASH) and 343 with chronic hepatitis (CH). A total of 361 samples were genotyped and 304 were further subgenotyped. The most common HBV genotype was C (93.63%, 338/361), with subgenotype group C2 (83.73%, 283/338) predominating. Genotype B was also found and subgenotype B2 predominated within this genotype. Out of 69 infected patients with ASH, 48 were identified as genotype C and all belonged to subgenotype C2. Of 343 infected patients with CH, 313 were genotyped and 256 were subgenotyped; amongst these, C2 (91.80%, 235/256), B2 (7.42%, 19/256) and mixed subgenotypes B2 and C2 (0.78%, 2/256) were found. In HBV subgenotype C2 infections, ASH had a higher ratio of women than CH patients. These results show that HBV subgenotypes C2 and B2 were found in Heilung-kiang province of northeast China. In ASH and CH groups, the distributions of subgenotypes were coincident with C2, the predominant subgenotype. Analysis of the association between subgenotype and the outcomes of HBV infection was inconclusive in our study

Creep Lifetime Assessment of Pressure-Tight PE100 Pipes Based on a Slow Fatigue Crack Growth

Polyethylene pipes are widely used in water supply, gas, and sewage systems due to their excellent mechanical properties. A slow crack growth is the primary fracture mechanism for the pipes under long-term internal pressures. If the creep loading is treated as a special case of fatigue loading, the slow crack growth kinetics of polyethylene is defined in fatigue fracture tests at different stress ratios and extrapolated to creep crack kinetics. Linear elastic fracture mechanics concepts became the basis for predicting the creep lifetime of pressure-tight pipes subjected to various hoop stresses from extrapolated (synthetic) creep crack growth curves, and the prediction is in good agreement with the standard extrapolation, in accordance with ISO 9080.Полиэтиленовые трубы широко применяются в водоснабжении, системах газоснабжения и канализации благодаря их высоким механическим свойствам. Медленный рост трещин является основным механизмом разрушения полиэтиленовых труб под длительным внутренним давлением. Рассматривая нагружение при ползучести как особый случай усталостного нагружения, кинетика медленного роста трещин в полиэтиленовом материале определяется путем испытаний на усталостное разрушение при различных коэффициентах асимметрии цикла напряжений и экстраполируется на кинетику трещин ползучести. Исходя из теории линейноупругой механики разрушения долговечность при ползучести полиэтиленовой трубы под давлением, подверженной действию различных окружных напряжений, прогнозируется на основе синтетической кривой роста трещин ползучести, и прогнозы хорошо согласуются со стандартной экстрополяцией в соответствии с ISO 9080